Note: This is a transcript of the original broadcast at .týžden in Slovak language

Moderator: Welcome to listening, and I can hardly believe it, to the 150th edition of the Security Radar of my friend General Pavel Macko. Welcome, Pavel.

Pavel Macko: Thank you very much, pleasant listening.

FOG OF WAR

Putin’s „Ceasefire“ on Ukrainian Infrastructure

Moderator: How did Putin’s ceasefire on attacks against Ukrainian infrastructure turn out?

Pavel Macko: It turned out like all the ceasefires that Putin declared – simply big talk. He actually used the time when he didn’t attack for those few days – he didn’t even keep to those 7 days. He used the fact that he accumulated missiles and drones and made an even more intensive attack, which was even harder for the Ukrainians to stop.

This means that his effect was far higher than if he had attacked every day. And that’s actually the result of Putin’s „ceasefire“.

But it’s essential that none of us normal people, who know this, expected Putin to make any fundamental turn. But the falseness, even complete monstrosity of these peace activists was confirmed, who are actually making a defense of such aggression and claim they are trying to achieve peace. In reality, they are trying to achieve Russian victory.

Overall Picture of the Week

When I look at this overall, the overall picture of the week on several levels is as follows:

▪️First: Russia is intensifying pressure on multiple front sections, but any advances are not large

▪️Ukraine is achieving local counter-attacks, especially near Kupiansk and Kostiantynivka

▪️This winter campaign is extraordinarily exhausting – after several years, actually for the first time during these 4 years of war, when it’s truly the toughest winter

▪️The impacts are enormous and meanwhile the Russians have also gained some additional resources

▪️Ukrainian air defense after 4 years is exhausted

▪️Russian losses are however record-breaking – in January they again lost 30 thousand soldiers

▪️On the other hand, they are massively replenishing equipment and continuing that long-term war economy

Diplomatically: Russia is again stalling for time, not retreating from its demands and actually negotiating only to prevent greater pressure, greater sanctions and a tougher stance from those countries and Ukraine that want to achieve that ceasefire and ensure that this war finally ends.

Situation on the Front Lines

Moderator: So let’s go to the front line and I suggest we go to Kharkiv and Kupiansk.

Pavel Macko: Good. When we look at Kharkiv and Kupiansk, there were partial counter-attacks by Ukrainian forces. Near Kupiansk, they managed to regain some positions again.

When we look, I have notes here that Russia has been pushing for a long time from the north and east. They also had such a bridgehead on the other side of the Oskil river and the Ukrainians managed to push back in these areas.

Other Front Sectors

Lyman, Siversk, Sloviansk: There we know that fighting is already taking place in Siversk. Russian units continued attacks toward Novoselivka, Vykhivka, Serednie, Drobysheve and Dybrova, but there was no fundamental advance there.

Near Kostiantynivka, Druzhivka: Ukraine conversely achieved significant successes.

Near Yablunivka: The Russians advanced slightly east of the city.

Pokrovsk, Myrnohrad: There the Russians were slightly successful. Reconnaissance-sabotage units penetrated directly into Myrnohrad and increased pressure along one of the main transport routes. Ukraine however repelled dozens of attacks around Rodynske.

Zaporizhzhia Oblast: The biggest battles around Hulyaipole have been continuing for a long time. West of Dobropillia. But it’s extreme there – the Russians attack 32 times daily on just this one small front section.

In Kherson: There the classic shelling continues. The Russians still claim in those negotiations that they want Kherson back, but de facto they want to completely destroy it just like the destroyed Vovchansk and all those cities on the contact line.

Middle East – Gaza and Israel

Moderator: Let’s go to the Middle East. Are there any changes in Gaza and Israel?

Pavel Macko: That overall picture is… The ceasefire formally continues, we were supposed to move to the second phase. But it’s actually eroding:

▪️Israeli activities continue

▪️Hamas reacts similarly or provokes clashes

▪️International mechanisms are not yet functioning

▪️Humanitarian crisis (the situation is difficult)

Indeed, now the crossing at Rafah has also been opened, but it’s insufficient, the UN components are not functioning there either.

Problems with Humanitarian Organizations

Israel called on Doctors Without Borders to leave the Gaza Strip because they again suspect them of collaborating with Palestinians – not the citizens they should serve, but collaborating with Hamas.

Moderator: I read such a report in the Israeli press – there was their own reporter who showed one Palestinian doctor who during the war appeared as a doctor, showed victims, everything. And in the end it turned out he was a Hamas officer. Good, let’s continue.

Pavel Macko: Exactly, there are also honest ones there, but by providing legitimacy or legend for that cover, it naturally irritates the other side.

Administrative Arrangement of Gaza

When we look further, the administrative arrangement of Gaza is unclear. The United States – we talked about Al-Shat here, who is supposed to be there, that former Palestinian Authority minister, could be the administrator, temporary head of that administration, some bureaucratic government. However, it’s not yet in the situation where it would really function.

Reconstruction is at a dead end, because as long as there’s no stable and secure environment, the donors don’t have confidence, don’t give money there and there are no mechanisms that would implement it.

Security Situation

As I indicated, there was a series of clashes and attacks. Hamas and its security components conducted operations against groups they designate as Israeli-supported gangs.

In other words, other Palestinians, who don’t identify with Hamas, who maybe have a different view on how things should function in Gaza, are already also targets, so Hamas is already attacking its own.

The Israelis consolidated somehow, adjusted that yellow line. Of course, this immediately caused Arab outcry that they want to reduce even more or reduce Gaza’s territory.

Creation of New Administration

Moderator: How is the creation of new administration in Gaza progressing? Because without that we won’t move forward.

Pavel Macko: Definitely. This is what I already indicated in that overview. The border crossing at Rafah opened. There’s a limited number of patients who can cross from one side to the other.

The US is pushing for that multi-phase plan– meaning a full transition to phase 2, including an international security mission and gradual reconstruction.

But since there’s no agreement on disarming Hamas, they haven’t moved anywhere, therefore territorial administration hasn’t moved either, because one is subordinated to or conditional on the other.

Therefore those players like the United Arab Emirates prepared a project of some Emirati complex in southern Gaza, where they want to actually house thousands of displaced Palestinians.

But the project is politically controversial, because again Palestinians reject relocation to zones controlled by Israel, because that’s in the part that’s behind that yellow line on the other side.

So nothing has been achieved there yet and these new institutions can’t establish themselves.

Fundamental Problem

Moderator: When I look at this as a layperson – because I am a layperson – it seems to me that without Hamas being dispersed, things won’t move forward there.

Pavel Macko: We’ve been saying this since the beginning, since October 7, 2023. Why don’t they disperse it? Because we’ve seen that it causes large collateral losses. Therefore everyone turned against Israel.

On the other hand, we see that President Trump already asked for a Nobel Peace Prize for this, but he didn’t get it. Good anyway, because that would be unfair. And now we see that even he can’t push this through.

This means that this conflict will continue as we’ve been saying for a long time. It can be stabilized only when there’s willingness from the Arab side, first directly from the ranks of Palestinians, whom Hamas has been indoctrinating for a quarter century, because it completely controlled there.

And precisely these clashes – this is exactly about the fact that as soon as there’s a slightly different opinion, people from Hamas immediately liquidate them there, murder and shoot their own.

Second: Arabs never gave up – and I mean Hamas and these radical components – they never gave up the goal of complete liquidation of Israel.

And as long as they don’t give this up and as long as international security forces don’t come there, who will run into the same thing Israel runs into – that they will have to do the so-called dirty work, that they will also have to militarily strike those unfortunates who won’t want to cooperate in that ceasefire – this will continue.

Situation in Syria

Moderator: What’s happening around Syria? We said that the biggest tension…

Pavel Macko: First, there are conflicts of interest between Lebanon and Syria, because there’s a part of those fled officers hiding in Lebanon.

There’s Hezbollah, which is no longer a political favorite in Syria after the replacement of Bashar al-Assad, because they fought against this al-Shar. So that’s one part.

It calmed down there, but recent weeks saw strong conflict between the new governmental power and SDF forces including Kurdish units.

Ceasefire and Integration

From January 20 a de facto ceasefire has been in place there. It looks like the situation is stabilizing.

Kurds are really in the weakest position in the last 10 years. They had to leave the western bank of the Euphrates river, had to move to the eastern side, but ended the fighting. They also ended in other areas.

What was originally promised when Bashar al-Assad fell is happening – that integration will occur. Only that integration is not now that the entire SDF would integrate at once, it’s integrating by individual regions, by individual cities and communities.

What is negative on one hand for those Kurds, because therefore they don’t create some compact whole.

From the governmental power’s perspective it’s advantageous in that no parallel command is created – because we see this in Bosnia and Herzegovina, how it looks: there’s that federation, but actually Republika Srpska does whatever it wants anyway.

This political-administrative arrangement of Syria still awaits its solution and the military one is such that the government is trying to integrate those armed components into a unified army.

Lebanon

In Lebanon the situation is still tense and there are some pockets of resistance, Israel had to react again.

And mainly it shows also there that similarly as in Syria, the political situation is very unstable. They had an interim government basically since that explosion – if listeners remember, since that huge explosion in the port in Beirut – there was such a provisional governmental regime.

And this continues. The only thing that changed is that Hezbollah’s role and position is weaker.

STRATEGIC BACKGROUND

Three-Party Negotiations on Ukraine

Moderator: Main attention focused on three-party negotiations on Ukraine. So can you somehow briefly evaluate them? But it seems to me that nothing is moving anywhere.

Pavel Macko: Basically you’re right. We’re already done with this conclusion. But I’ll still explain it a bit.

We had two rounds. The first round was January 23 and 24. We already partially discussed it. Then came the second round.

First Round of Negotiations

I’ll first recap that first round, because it’s important for understanding where we’ve moved.

In that first round there was actually direct contact between Ukrainians and Russians through – with the presence of the US as mediator after almost 4 years.

And it was the first round. No one had great expectations that peace would suddenly emerge there. It was at such a higher working level.

Ukrainian delegation:

▪️Rustam Umerov

▪️former defense minister, today head of security council

▪️Kirill Budanov

▪️former head of HUR and now head of presidential office

▪️Chief of General Staff

Here I need to explain – Syrsky is the main commander of Ukrainian forces. That means he is the commander. And what we have as chief of staff, they have as chief of general staff. And that general was also there.

Russian side had Dmitriev there – economic-political negotiator and had the head of Russian GRU there.

Results of First Round

That means, that format– first, what happened was that a framework and format for negotiations was established. Professional working groups were established in which details will be discussed.

Main topics were addressed:

▪️Territorial issues

▪️they didn’t agree on anything, there’s a key dispute

▪️Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant

▪️also a problem

▪️Security guarantees for Ukraine

These are actually two such dealbreakers or showstoppers, as it’s said in English. These are the brakes, obstacles so far insurmountable. That means security guarantees and territory.

Because Russia still claims that Ukraine should give up territory that Russians haven’t been able to somehow encompass even after 4 years of war.

Atmosphere of Negotiations

Moderator: What’s the dynamic of those negotiations, what’s the atmosphere? That’s also important there.

Pavel Macko: Both sides claimed it was productive and substantive, meaning they had content. When I already hear the word „productive“…

Ukraine said that yes, these were substantial negotiations, that concrete steps and practical solutions were addressed, which set aside those two most important issues I mentioned.

The US also designated them as productive and appreciated what I also appreciated, that those technical military teams negotiated together, because the ceasefire also needs to be agreed upon military-technically, so that the first shot from one drunk soldier doesn’t restart the war. Because that can also happen.

Russians proved that they don’t have willingness for peace, but meanwhile intensively attacked and said that military operations will continue until Kyiv accepts their demands.

In other words, Russians probably both for domestic audience and for their audience in the third world, are playing such a game – this is called hardball in English, such a tough game.

Basically they want, even if they’ll have to concede from those demands of theirs, they want to sell it as their clear victory. Of course, everyone sees that’s not true.

And if Russians don’t catch the right moment that they won’t gain more, the exact opposite can happen, that they can also collapse. Ukraine can of course also collapse – it’s closer to it than Russia, but it’s a very complex situation.

Summary of First Round

So it was something new after 4 years. They didn’t insult each other after these negotiations, so it’s already important that the negotiation was substantive. I would summarize it that way.

Key conclusions:

▪️Created a framework but didn’t bring results

▪️Territories and security guarantees (this is simply the stumbling block)

▪️Russia uses parallel attacks as a pressure tool

▪️Therefore reducing trust from Ukraine and its supporters that those negotiations are sincere

▪️USA, to not lose face, is trying to keep these negotiations alive

It’s noteworthy that the State Department, foreign ministry, is not represented there, meaning those who are there are not classic diplomats.

Second Round of Negotiations

Moderator: How do you evaluate that second round?

Pavel Macko: That second round progressed, because quite logically, from what I explained in that first round, it was more about procedural issues, formats, who with whom, when, in which groups.

Now it was more about real negotiations, within individual groups they negotiated in more detail.

From what we have – of course, detailed record of these negotiations is not publicly available – so:

▪️That long-term dispute continues

▪️Security guarantees are still without concrete progress

▪️USA acts as mediator

▪️both sides remain relatively firm

Russian Provocations

Russians escalated energy attacks, and this even during the announced ceasefire, which of course Kyiv designated as violation of agreement. It was visible when they bombed a classic conventional power plant and then also a heating plant near Kyiv.

Russians thought that by this they would scare the rest, that if you don’t yield to us and won’t negotiate with us, or accept conditions, we’ll attack. They don’t want to negotiate, they just want Ukrainians to accept conditions – so somehow we’ll continue and you’ll be even worse off.

Of course, they’re abusing this time when there are extreme frosts there.

Positive Progress

But they moved forward in what Zelensky also expected and wanted. They moved forward in the expected prisoner exchange– 314 or 324, I’m not sure now what that number was. The first 150 were already exchanged.

It’s good that also on that Russian side, besides those nationalists, extremists and such clowns like Medvedev, who shouted that all those prisoners of war should be killed – for example from Mariupol, those who were now almost 4 years in captivity – so they returned from that captivity.

Because war also has its rules, we have Geneva Conventions for that and this is something that Russians should also observe.

Further Development

The rest is that they’ll continue, they’ll probably meet next in the United States.

But that Russian strong pressure rather causes greater support for Ukraine from its supporters.

NATO Reactions

Moderator: I noticed that when the NATO Secretary General was in Ukraine a few days ago, he got to taste how a massive Russian attack tastes. Can this somehow change NATO’s approach?

Pavel Macko:It’s already changing, because if I listened carefully to Rutte’s statements, for example his predecessor talked about Ukraine’s integration into NATO and so on, but that language was diplomatic.

Now Rutte had relatively harsh language toward these Russians, said unambiguously that this is proof that Moscow doesn’t want peace. And it’s not some pretext.

Russians thought that hard attacks would help– and otherwise they miscalculated strategically in this, just as they miscalculated on February 24, 2022, because they quickly jumped away from that negotiation. They were persuaded by Macron, by Joe Biden. Scholz called Putin several times, Macron called even a few hours before that invasion. Putin saying that invasion wouldn’t happen, but he wanted to play that tough game, attacked, knocked out his front teeth and still can’t get out of it.

And now it’s the same, that Rutte gave very sharp statements. I put it in a table because we prepared that scenario together.

He said – this is a quote: „This peace will be lasting not because papers are signed, but because it will be backed by hard power.“

Change in NATO Position

This means, if Russians now refused that no foreign soldiers would be there, no support for Ukraine, because Russia wanted a weakened Ukraine that would be a puppet in Russia’s hands, this is changing.

And when they decide in the future to take control of Ukraine, they can do it politically through their extensive agent network and install a new Yanukovych there, or they can do it again militarily, that they would complete what they haven’t managed so far.

After they gather strength – like now with those recent attacks – let’s imagine that we give Russians a year or two pause to re-arm, re-equip and then strike Ukraine again.

This is now changing, NATO’s position as a whole is also changing, where it says it will continue this support and interprets this Russian attack as an attempt at terror and pressure. And therefore arguments for those robust security guarantees are strengthened.

End of New START Treaty

Moderator: The last treaty on control of strategic nuclear weapons, New START, ended. So explain what that agreement was and why it ended?

Pavel Macko: I would probably also like us to make this today’s main topic, to get a broader perspective for our listeners.

What the New START Treaty Was

So first that New START– this was the last functioning agreement, signed by Barack Obama and the Russian president, which actually limited strategic nuclear weapons.

But I’ll say what the development was here.

Historical Development of Nuclear Agreements

During the Cold War, in the late 60s, these powers got into a situation where they achieved huge numbers of nuclear weapons, because that paranoia and mutual suspicion, where we found ourselves in arms races, ended in:

▪️Russians eventually had more than 40,000 nuclear warheads (today they have 5,400)

▪️United States at that peak had more than 32,000 nuclear warheads

A large part of this was also tactical. We had large-caliber artillery shells and such short-range missiles there.

This means that even for regular battlefield combat it was calculated that these nuclear weapons would be used in clashes between these states, while hydrogen bombs were rather mounted on those long-range means, whether intercontinental missiles.

First Negotiations

Those negotiations ran already 1968-1969, but somehow they didn’t manage to conclude. Of course, Nixon’s pressure and move also with China eventually convinced the Soviets.

I’ll just enumerate them. There was a whole series of agreements:

SALT– this was that first Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 1969-1979.

Very quickly then came SALT 1, where strategic carriers were also limited, meaning the number of missiles and those other means.

A second treaty SALT 2 was also negotiated in 1979, but it wasn’t ratified. The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan then and they didn’t ratify it, but both sides more or less adhered to it.

ABM and INF Treaties

In 1972 the ABM treaty was also concluded – this was limitation of anti-missile defense, where the number was set at maximum 200, later adjusted to 100 anti-missile systems.

The problem is that when one side starts building too strong anti-missile defense, it forces the other to increase the number of those offensive means.

I forgot one important one – this was the INF treaty – it was called about banning medium and short-range missiles between Gorbachev and Reagan in 1987.

This was absolutely crucial for Europe. In Europe we were in the range of 3 to 8 minutes response time, meaning the risk of accidental nuclear conflict was enormous.

By completely eliminating these missiles, that space was cleared, and therefore only space for those intercontinental missiles was left. There’s at least half an hour for reaction there.

This means that even in case of some stupid escalation, the red phone could still be used, and those missiles could be sent to self-destruct and stop a potential attack. This couldn’t be done with these medium-range missiles.

START Treaties

Then after the end of the Cold War came the START agreement in 1991. From huge numbers, those numbers were reduced even more significantly and we actually got to today’s numbers.

There was START II, which also banned those multiple warheads on intercontinental ballistic missiles, on those heavy ones. Because you can cheat there. You say you’ll have only 100 intercontinental missiles, but put ten of these warheads in each.

Russians have Avangard prepared this way. In the final flight stage it’s as if you again had ten missiles. Suddenly you have thousands instead of hundreds. So this treaty was important because of that.

New START

Then this agreement, when it ended, actually that new START was negotiated, where limits on warheads and carriers were set. And it was extended a few years ago for 5 years, but this extension expired, a new agreement wasn’t concluded.

New START parameters:

▪️1,500 deployed strategic warheads

▪️meaning those they can have in operational regime

▪️700 deployed carriers

▪️800 total carriers

▪️this includes strategic bombers

Control Mechanisms

So there were mainly detailed inspection mechanisms. Both sides announced where they have those forces, where the US has problems with those Russian mobile ones, but they always had to notify major movements.

And both sides could visit those places. Of course they didn’t go into the guts of these systems, but they could verify whether those measures are being observed, whether they secretly haven’t built additional forces, whether they secretly don’t have some additional missiles there. All this has now ended.

Why the Treaty Ended

When I say it formally, Russia suspended participation in 2023 and subsequently the United States also reacted, but formally the treaty was valid, no one violated it.

This happened mainly because when the war in Ukraine started, Russians supposedly for technical reasons started blocking these verifications, these on-site inspections.

The reason– on one hand I understand them, it was paranoid, because they were at war with Ukraine and feared that during those inspections Americans would learn something they could then pass to Ukrainians.

On the other hand Americans said– there’s no point going into such an agreement that can’t be verified, as we also said before with the Budapest Memorandum and so on…

So this was absolutely crucial. They considered the US as a hostile side. This was part of that Russian rhetoric, that Putin constantly says, because when he’s not succeeding, he says that first he wanted to denazify and demilitarize everything. And when he’s not succeeding, he says he’s actually fighting the entire West. And this is that propaganda that goes around.

Chinese Factor

Another thing was that there were also those negotiations and considerations that China announced a large nuclear program, even to triple the number of its warheads by the decade, it already has 600 warheads now.

China has such an ambition that by 2035 to have parity with the United States in some components and in its region or catch up with Russia and the United States.

And after 2040 China wants to already be an equal partner also in strategic nuclear weapons to the United States.

Chinese Triad

This means that China started building the so-called triad. The triad is that you have:

1 ) Those ground intercontinental ballistic missiles

2) You have them then on submarines

▪️these are well protected because they’re hard to detect, meaning it’s a second strike weapon or last judgment, that when everything fails, even if that country was destroyed, it has the ability either semi-automatically or even automatically to respond to that strike and destroy the other side

3) And there are then aviation means – strategic aviation.

Russians invested more in those aviation means in those cruise missiles with nuclear warheads, which they now use only with conventional warheads directly on Ukraine.

Why New START Finally Fell?

I said that it fell actually because:

▪️United States wanted a broader agreement

▪️Russia wanted a different agreement, because it conditioned it, wanted to balance and offset other things on it

▪️China didn’t want any agreement yet, said it’s not yet that player that should be regulated

Russian and Chinese Armament

Moderator: I notice that Russia demonstrated new weapons and of course we’ve seen it also with the Chinese. And those Russian conventional ones aren’t very trustworthy. But should we fear those Russian nuclear weapons? And what about the USA? Are they falling behind or not?

Pavel Macko: Several aspects. It’s true that Russia modernized and quite massively. I wouldn’t underestimate their nuclear arsenal.

Russian Nuclear Forces

First, insiders know that there are really elite troops there. These aren’t those bums called ground troops that they showed at the beginning of the war. It’s more professional there.

But we’ve seen accidents there too, but that was mostly during tests. This means we can’t say in what technical state those missiles that are in operational service are.

But we know that Russians demonstrated in 2018 a series of those displays – Avangard, Zircon, which can also have nuclear warheads.

Hypersonic Systems

Sub-warhead is a small missile inside that big missile. There are several of them. These are so-called hypersonic gliders, which can still maneuver.

They have their own engine, can change flight path and fly at that hypersonic speed, which by the way all ballistic missiles fly.

But the difference is that the glider can still maneuver and fundamentally change direction and can go hundreds of kilometers elsewhere than where the original missile would fall.

Russian Modernization

So Russians modernized. They have:

▪️New Yars and Sarmat missiles

▪️New submarine-launched ballistic missiles (which are launched Bulava)

▪️New submarines of Borei class

▪️New cruise missiles Kh-102 (Kh-101, which they used, this is some derivative)

▪️They have those Avangardes, Poseidon, Burevestnik

Principally Russians modernized, because the Soviet Union left them old junk. And they were aware that conventionally – and then they also introduced professional army – conventionally Russia didn’t have a chance not only against NATO, but also potentially against other rivals. And therefore invested asymmetrically in nuclear arsenal.

Chinese Expansion

What about China? China is expanding. But of course from that low base. China was that below-average student, below-average player, even lower than United Kingdom and France.

France has 290 and United Kingdom some roughly 250-245 of these warheads.

China started building its potential. Just as it builds its conventional army – visible that it has 5th generation fighters, stealth fighters already better than Russians, that it invests in other means.

It started investing in this too, but started from that low number:

▪️Had in 2010: 200 warheads

▪️Today has: 600

▪️Heading toward at least a thousand by the end of this decade

Chinese Triad

But it’s also building a triad. As it starts expanding in that Pacific and sees that the United States has dominance there, it’s building nuclear triad. That means new nuclear submarines and also hypersonic systems.

We’ve seen several of them now on parade and this is precisely because of that rivalry in Indo-Pacific and also fear of American anti-missile defense, which is strengthening. Now we’ve heard about Golden Dome.

American Nuclear Forces

Moderator: And are the USA falling behind or not?

This is interesting, because a lot in professional journals and so on was criticism when Russians introduced these hypersonic systems, then Chinese also conventional and potentially also nuclear systems, which are for example designed to destroy those aircraft carrier battle groups.

When you have a hypersonic missile, the opponent can’t stop it anymore, you put a nuclear payload there, so you can actually erase that American advantage – aircraft carriers, Americans are rulers of the seas with them. What the British Empire used to be.

They have 9 battle carrier groups– those are aircraft carrier battle groups, several fleets, they have large Pacific, Atlantic fleet.

Criticism of American Lag

When China developed this, many evil tongues say that the US fell asleep, don’t have hypersonic systems, didn’t pay much attention to it. But I’ll mention several aspects.

It’s really true that Minuteman III are missiles from the 70s, but technologically they were much more advanced than those Russian missiles that were in forces. But the US didn’t modernize them.

They have only one warhead, can’t even add others, while Russians meanwhile made an upgrade where they don’t have multiple warheads mounted, but can and know how to do it relatively quickly.

So in this segment the US seemed to lag behind.

New American Programs

Currently running is a program for Sentinel upgrade or replacement of Minuteman III. Otherwise Sentinel is also that invisible reconnaissance drone RQ-171, but these should be Sentinel missiles, which should be ready by 2030. That’s still 5 years, but it’s an extremely expensive project, so the question is whether it will be successful or not.

But the US has strategic aviation, where unlike Russian aircraft they have absolutely top-notch stealth bombers. B-2 were already excellent and now B-21 Raider are absolute world top.

China and Russia don’t have even a chance yet to catch up to them in this in the next decade.

American Strength in Submarines

Main US strength lies and there they modernized, or had highly advanced technologies – and those are missiles launched from submarines.

In this they are absolute top. Still their Trident 2 D5LE missiles are unmatched, so they don’t even need to modernize them.

Golden Dome

Currently, I won’t discuss this today, we’ll discuss it another time. Golden Dome is not only protection from space against missile attacks – those are just sensors, but Golden Dome is supposed to also ensure maintaining connection, that all those submarines and fleets in stealth mode, even after nuclear explosions, should function and should be able to communicate with each other.

Should We Fear Nuclear Arms Race?

Moderator: So tell me this one thing – should we fear that nuclear arms race or not?

Pavel Macko:There are several scenarios. It started when there were 30-40 thousand warheads on both sides. We’re far from that happening, it would cost enormous expenses and I believe it won’t go to this limit.

The truth is that absence of all agreements can cause distrust on both sides and we see that even Trump indicated they might resume nuclear tests. These by the way are also agreed to be banned, but that comprehensive ban treaty wasn’t ratified.

This means it’s not legally binding. Only so far it was quietly observed.

Possible Scenarios

So there are several scenarios:

1) Quiet voluntary continuity and waiting for a suitable time when they sit down for negotiations. This would probably capture what Trump said.

When Trump said that when New START expires, it expires, that we’re simply not under such pressure that we must accept any pressure from Russia and we want to have China in it too. So that’s the first scenario.

2) New arms race– that’s the worst, that new arms race comes, meaning Trump will invest money and launch it.

3) Trilateral negotiations– that all three nuclear players and basically also militarily biggest powers USA, Russia and China sit down and try to agree.

4) Fragmentation, regionalization of that nuclear deterrence – meaning Europe including France, United Kingdom and others. That it fragments and we already have 9 nuclear countries and more can be added.

5) Crisis escalation– absolutely worst scenario, unlikely but very dangerous, is crisis escalation, that simply at some moment these conventional conflicts get out of control and one side will demonstrate use of nuclear forces.

I think that currently we are in scenario A– meaning quiet voluntary continuity and attempt at negotiation.

Slovakia in Security Context

Moderator: And where do we find ourselves in this, Slovakia?

Pavel Macko: I’m looking for a decent word. We are disoriented, trampled in the ground. We buried ourselves there like moles, only we didn’t choose good terrain, because we buried ourselves in some swamp and it’s leaking into our mole hole from all sides.

Slovakia is being left out of all these security discussions. As I indicated those scenarios, we actually don’t know where security will move and how it will transform.

Problems of Fico’s Government

Into this comes hysteria of this Smer government, which does knee-jerk politics in four world directions and breaks its allied relations to the core.

We saw Epstein, that actually our top representatives get caught in traps… Even if it’s not confirmed that our prime minister met with Bannon or not, by the way Fico was at that same CPAC forum last year, where Bannon was hailing and after him Robert Fico… not right after him, but later Robert Fico spoke, while even such a leader of extremists from French National Front left after this hailing. Even for him it was too much. Our prime minister stayed there. And that’s a problem.

Lies About MiG-29

The last cherry on top is that the prime minister shouted at the previous government that they are traitors, that they disarmed Slovakia. Now the prosecutor, who was pro-Smer, and I dare say this, let them be angry at me or not, if needed, I would give dozens of arguments…

Moderator: Pro-Smer is not a good expression, she just helped Smer.

Pavel Macko: Yes, to be correct.

Even she found that the law regarding donation of MiGs and S-300 was not violated and prosecutor Remeta explained it in detail, how it really was. Fico lied yesterday at the press conference when he again said that S-300 was modernized.

And yet I know he has many generals, even loyal to him, who could have advised him and said it’s nonsense. But apparently he doesn’t ask anyone, because Fico doesn’t ask anyone about anything today.

From Fico’s foreign trips we have no outputs and conclusions. Not even the confidential ones. Simply there are no records from those negotiations, which is complete nonsense. This never was in Slovakia.

Tunneling of Slovak Army

Actually I’ll now remind you of one thing. And that’s something I probably also announce that I’ll likely file a criminal complaint, because if this government went to prosecute the previous one for that donation, then the prosecutor now confirmed what that government claimed, what I claim, that here enormous damage was arising during MiG maintenance.

When through the company of Fico’s friend Výboh subscription contract was made, where Russians committed that for that money they will maintain the number… I know that number, but I can’t say it because Minister Gajdoš refused to give it to me officially on my request, so I could publish it, how many of those 12 fighters we originally had should be permanently combat-ready, but it was roughly two thirds.

And we sometimes achieved only one tenth. And the prosecutor also said that at the end we had one fighter that was combat-capable and flight-capable, but we paid money for that full contract.

This means that not the previous government, but Fico’s governments tunneled Slovak armed forces and endangered the security of the Slovak Republic.

360°

Iran and Negotiations with USA

Moderator: Let’s look at developments around Iran. Will a new agreement be negotiated and the situation calmed, or will America have to strike there?

Pavel Macko: The question is whether America dares to strike there, because that’s actually why it didn’t strike during those protests.

They could actually provide an argument to that extreme Iranian government that it would unleash a kind of side conflict, that it would actually start some conflict in the Persian Gulf and therefore escalate the situation.

This would of course allow that government to make extreme measures at home, to suppress any opposition and could endanger American interests in that space, also American forces that are there.

American Military Preparation

Therefore Americans moved those aircraft carriers there, they have mighty force there now that could really strike.

I don’t think and Americans never indicate that they would want some ground invasion or landing, as we saw also in Venezuela, but they can very drastically strike those key targets in Iran.

But they also don’t want to do it, because it can be just a spark for a bigger conflict. Therefore there’s that offer for negotiation.

Today they should meet also with help of intermediary countries that try to give some negotiation format.

So that tension is very high, but it must be said that these negotiations today (February 6, 2026) are a real attempt at de-escalation.

Content of Negotiations

But chances for some fundamental breakthrough are small, we already have a long podcast, so I’ll just briefly say what those negotiations should be about.

First that dynamic or tension is illustrated by the fact that United States called on its citizens to immediately leave Iran.

Khamenei again said that if the US attacks, that conflict will change into regional war. That’s what I indicated.

Demands of Sides

When I return to those negotiations:

USA demands:

▪️Complete removal of enriched uranium stocks – Iran is willing to negotiate about this

▪️They want to also limit the ballistic program

▪️meaning those carriers

▪️And end support for regional militias like Hezbollah, Houthis and so on

Iran still insists that it’s prepared to negotiate only about that nuclear program, but ballistic missiles and those revolutionary guards and those various clones of revolutionary guards they bred throughout that region – those proxy groups – it doesn’t want to discuss this.

Qatar, Turkey and Egypt try to somehow act as intermediaries, but we’ll see.

Development Assessment

Simply, it will be first contact, that risk is high.

My assessment is that the US will balance between what I said, that risk of large escalation, but at some moment at least some limited strike may come.

I can even imagine they would strike directly at Khamenei.

Final Quote About Negotiation

Moderator: You spoke here today twice, or several times about negotiations and I know you prepared such a negotiation quote. So tell us and say who created that quote.

Pavel Macko: So: „If you approach negotiation with the assumption that the other person thinks the same way as you, you’re wrong. It’s not about empathy, but about projection.“

And it was said by Chris Voss– he’s a popular author of several books, former chief FBI negotiator.

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#Beijing #China #coalition of willing #Gaza #Hamas #Israel #Lebanon #military parade #peace talks #Putin #Russia #security radar #Syria #Trump #Ukraine

Moderator: Welcome, Palo.

Pavel Macko: Thank you very much, pleasant listening to the audience.

Fog of War

Moderator: Let’s start with Ukraine. What’s the development on the battlefields?

Pavel Macko: I’ll begin by noting that August has ended, which means the main summer season is effectively over. Both the Ukrainian side and the Russian side have evaluated the spring-summer Russian offensive.

Let’s be realistic – the Russians haven’t achieved any miracles. They attempted several attacks, captured several dozen villages, took several hundred square kilometers of territory, but they couldn’t capture any major city. To make it look like they captured one, they placed a flag on a pole in Kupiansk using a drone, which the Ukrainians then took down.

Simply put, the fighting is intense. According to Ukrainian estimates, the Russians have suffered losses of over 200,000, up to 290,000 this year. But they’re preparing for some major offensive. However, they haven’t made progress yet.

When I evaluate the summer campaign, it wasn’t effective at all from the Russian perspective. They tried to bypass cities, but they failed to break them. And that’s likely why we’re now seeing movements and regrouping of Russian units.

The Russians applied pressure across the entire front and tried to find cracks. Where it starts to crack, like glass, or when you throw stones, they quickly deepen that hole. They almost succeeded in doing this near Dobropillia, but the Ukrainians managed to prevent it in time. They tried it in Sumy, they’re trying it at Kupiansk, they partially bypassed Pokrovsk from the southwest, and even penetrated into the Dnipropetrovsk region, but they didn’t achieve any operationally significant successes. That’s why they’re now regrouping.

Strategic Bombing

We see again that the Russians are „negotiating peace“ by intensifying attacks on civilian targets. They are now attacking more on the central and western parts of Ukraine.

The goal is clear:

▪️To destroy infrastructure facilities

▪️Railway transport hubs

▪️Factories

▪️To bring shock to villages and cities

At least half of the targets are explicitly residential buildings, hospitals, and schools. The reason is clear – the Russians are trying to indicate to Ukrainians that those who are further from the conflict zone have been living too comfortably, and they want to force Ukrainians to capitulate by undermining the morale and psyche of the people.

We saw massive attacks in Kharkiv. This is a paradox because it’s a Russian-speaking city that has always been Ukrainian and they felt Ukrainian, they just spoke Russian. Putin and his troops are punishing them for that – just from one attack there were at least 12 victims, dozens wounded, and 100,000 residents were left without electricity.

They attacked Dnipro with Shahed drones, and in Odesa they even used Kalibr missiles from the Black Sea. They hit port facilities and a humanitarian aid warehouse. Again, what a „highly strategic“ target – a humanitarian aid center! A Kalibr missile has an accuracy of up to 5 meters. That means they could hit the room we’re sitting in, at least its corner. And it’s something that doesn’t make sense, that they attack a humanitarian aid warehouse under the pretext that there must definitely be strategic ballistic missiles or atomic weapons there. Simply nonsense, just like the entire Russian aggression.

In Kyiv, attacks with Iskander ballistic missiles continued, and they also attacked command and military centers. The air defense reacted. In the south, whether in the city of Kherson or in the Zaporizhzhia region, there is permanent artillery shelling. They’re trying to make Kherson uninhabitable – when they were driven out of there, they punish the residents so they can’t live there. Unfortunately, the attacks continue and are escalating.

Ukrainian Attacks

Moderator: What about the Ukrainians, how are they doing?

Pavel Macko: They continue, they’re trying to counter, they’re also changing tactics. We saw the first real attack with Flamingo missiles on Crimea. Initially it was thought they were Neptune missiles, but they released footage of it.

Moderator: And what are those Flamingo missiles?

Pavel Macko: The Ukrainians introduced Flamingo recently. It was a „fast track“ development – rapid development over a year. It’s a cruise missile that has a range of up to 3000 kilometers, it has up to 1125 kilograms of combat payload. It’s right at the sound barrier, slightly subsonic, a large missile. It has an accuracy of about 20 meters.

I think they were testing them in Crimea. It’s one thing to produce and test on a training ground, and another to deploy in real conditions. There were skeptics who said it was too large and slow, so Russian systems might be able to intercept it. But they tested it over Crimea, which is relatively well protected. Belbek is one of the strategic airports in Crimea.

They tested them there and gave the Russians a psychological signal that not only is Crimea not untouchable, but they can try it elsewhere as well. Russia is huge. What is an advantage when you want to occupy it is a disadvantage when you want to defend it. No one can defend all facilities against air strikes. Not even Russia can do that.

Then we saw attacks on the Tula region, and those weren’t drones, but Ukrainian intelligence operating in Russia blew up an underground explosives warehouse in a chemical plant. They do this cyclically – Ukrainians have their people directly in Russia and can operate there. It wasn’t just those drones that were launched from trucks and remotely piloted in the „Spider“ operation. I think they’re spinning more of these „spider webs“ there and will continue to catch Russians in them.

Moderator: We saw attacks in Krasnodar region and on oil facilities. But what caught my interest, we were recording last Friday and just before that, on August 28, they struck with a drone near Vladimir Putin’s palace.

Pavel Macko: That was in Gelendzhik on the Black Sea coast. He has a huge dacha there. They hit it there, indicating to him that Vladimir isn’t safe even there.

Development of Fighting in Individual Areas

Let’s go through individual areas. In the Kursk and Sumy regions, the fighting was milder. We see a significant shift – in the Sumy region, the Russians seem to have come to terms with the fact that they won’t make a breakthrough there and won’t move towards Sumy. Sumy was a good target, it’s not so far from the borders, it’s a relatively large administrative center. The Russians had already occupied it once, the Ukrainians pushed them out at the beginning of the invasion. They tried to get there again, but they’re withdrawing troops from there.

Intense fighting is still ongoing in Kupiansk, Lyman, Serebriansk forest. Serebriansk forest – west of Kreminna – has become totally confusing. The Ukrainians can no longer establish a line defense there because the troops have intermixed. I saw videos where a Ukrainian soldier was walking, the Russians thought it was their soldier, and then he shot them.

This Lyman direction is one to remember. It could be a place where the Russians will try to get across the Zherebets River in larger numbers and continue further to Lyman, so they can get the entire rest of the Donetsk region into pincers – from the south from Pokrovsk and from the north from Lyman.

Of course, fighting continues in Pokrovsk, Toretsk, Kostiantynivka. In the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions, we see a slight stabilization of operations.

Regrouping of Russian Troops

To summarize, we see regrouping of Russian troops. The Russians are withdrawing from the Kherson region – not all units, but important elements. They’re strengthening the Donetsk direction and also withdrawing units from the Sumy region.

From the Kherson area, they withdrew the 70th Motorized Rifle Division of the 18th Combined Arms Army. This was a newly created division after the invasion. They have three motorized rifle regiments, a tank regiment, a reconnaissance battalion, self-propelled artillery – a brigade. It’s about 10,000 men. They’re moving them to the Donetsk direction, down to Pokrovsk.

From the Sumy area, they’re withdrawing the 76th Airborne Division. This elite airborne division is a „firefighter“ – when there was a Ukrainian breakthrough, when the Ukrainians liberated Kupiansk and were advancing quickly, the Russians deployed this division there. When they had a problem, when the Ukrainians pushed in the south, they also deployed the division there and managed to stop the summer offensive of 2023 Ukrainians at Orikhiv.

What are they trying to do? The Perun portal (Czech drone operators who collect money for drones for Ukrainian forces) described it quite well as a „long ball“ – in sports terminology, it’s a pass where when the game is „grinding“ somewhere in the middle, a long pass is thrown down the wing and a player runs onto it. They’re trying to get the entire area into pincers.

Tactical Changes and Drone Warfare

Both sides are trying various tactics. Last time we mentioned that it wasn’t so advantageous for Ukrainians to thin out defensive lines with drone operators. They are highly effective, but they have only limited capacity and the targets are known. As soon as they make contact, the Russians also know about it and start bombing.

The Russians have gradually changed their tactics. At the beginning of the war, they tried for rapid movement, combined arms combat. We all expected the Battle of Donbas to come – major combined arms maneuvers, modern mechanized forces, air cover, armored vehicles on the ground. That didn’t happen. They were able to deploy and coordinate a maximum of two brigades together, because they couldn’t coordinate more.

Today they don’t have as many mechanized forces. We see attacks with small units on motorcycles, on all sorts of things. Now they do it by bypassing lines in small groups, catching hold in some village where there is no military presence. From there they can direct drones, do other things. It’s like seeping, when you stain wood.

Moderator: I read today that artificial intelligence is already functioning and the first swarms of drones have been deployed. The Ukrainians deployed it, did you notice that?

Pavel Macko: I noticed, I’m writing about it in the magazine as well. I talk there about how generations of drones are gradually evolving. They already tried it in the fall last year, they had the first attempts on a smaller scale in the Kherson region.

Moderator: And is it effective?

Pavel Macko: It has the hope of being effective, because swarms of drones with artificial intelligence are relatively autonomous. You don’t have to pull them on cables, you don’t need as many operators. The problem is that when you have an FPV drone, you need one person with goggles or a screen who navigates the drone until the end, but can’t navigate other drones.

When you have some master drone and a swarm of drones, you get them to the target area and they select their targets themselves. In that program, you can even program target priorities. When the system sees artillery or an air defense asset, it ranks them numerically highest and leaves the infantry for the end.

Summary of Development in Ukraine

To summarize, last year it was expected that there would be a waiting tactic, because neither side had enough forces for a major offensive. Not like in World War II, when there was Operation Bagration, where there was a major breakthrough. That operation brought the Soviets hundreds of kilometers behind German lines, broke through them through swamps, through difficult terrain in Belarus, and got into an area where they had a strategic advantage.

This didn’t happen. Last year, in order to show positive progress, the Russians sacrificed an estimated 450,000 soldiers (variously killed, wounded, some multiple times). These are huge losses and they actually achieved nothing visible.

This year I’m positively surprised that the Ukrainians held on, because many times it looked like it was about to fall. Some troll wrote to me that Kupiansk, they already have half of Kupiansk. No, they’ve been fighting for Kupiansk for 2.5 years. We mention it every other week. They still can’t capture it.

Now it looks as if the Russians feel they’re treading water. This isn’t the right thing. Basically, they decided to concentrate pressure even more on Donbas, because they’re also on a ticking clock and climatic conditions will be different in the fall.

The estimate of several observers is that the Russians will try to make a breakthrough, create Guderian-style wedges – arms from the north and from the south, to get behind the Ukrainian forces and interrupt supply routes. It can be assumed that from these troop movements, they will also try to generate more mobile mechanized formations.

This is their last chance in this immediate period. It’s risky for the Ukrainians – they need to be careful. But it’s also risky for the Russians, because it’s a moment when the sports rule „if you don’t score, you’ll concede“ applies. If they overdo it and fail, as at Dobropillia (a small tactical episode), and if they don’t succeed at the operational level either, they’ll break their teeth. It may happen that there will be a „reverse“ – the Ukrainians will find a weak spot and push.

The last thing – Ukraine must be asymmetrical. An attrition war in the Russian style can’t suit them. They don’t have as much personnel, as much equipment, which is why many recommend they continue with deep strikes.

I registered yesterday’s report this morning – Keir Starmer says that some European countries will give Ukraine the means for deep precision strikes, long-range missiles. We don’t know if it will be Taurus or something else, but they should receive them. This is retaliation or a reaction to the continuing Russian attacks on cities.

Middle East

Moderator: Let’s go to the Middle East, to the Gaza Strip. How are the Israeli army operations continuing there?

Pavel Macko: The airstrikes are intensifying. The Israeli Air Force carried out several precise attacks on Hamas positions in southern Gaza, especially in the Khan Yunis area. There were civilian casualties again.

These operations are important because the Palestinians are also giving arguments to Netanyahu – they fired rockets. This means the job isn’t finished. And that’s Netanyahu’s argument: „The job isn’t finished, and until they lay down their arms, we must finish it.“

Israel is mobilizing reserves. When we analyzed the operation, we said they need about 60,000 reservists, whom they’re calling up again. This process is underway. Not everyone is happy with it, some refused to report.

There’s internal political friction in Israel as well. Some are against scaling down the operation, others on the contrary say it needs to be intensified and accelerated.

Moderator: And what do you think?

Pavel Macko: I think it’s complicated. It needs to be done as quickly as possible, have a plan immediately for how to replace the Hamas administration with something else and withdraw. The view that they will also want longer-term military occupation may ultimately prevail. I think it’s difficult.

From my experiences in Afghanistan as well – it’s not a problem to conquer something, that’s what the Israelis are trying to do now. Clearing is complex, but maintaining and subsequently building is almost impossible in this environment. I would try to avoid it.

The Chief of General Staff, Lieutenant General Zamir, said that no one should be mistaken – even though there’s talk that the operation will be from October 7, he declares that it’s already running and they have 40% of Gaza City under control, that they’ve entered parts where they’ve never been before, and they’re trying to clear it. Meanwhile, civilians are also being evacuated to southern parts beyond the Netzarim corridor.

Syria, Lebanon and the Red Sea

Diplomatic negotiations are taking place between Lebanon and Syria. They’re creating joint committees or commissions to address sensitive topics:

▪️The fate of nearly 2000 Syrian prisoners in Lebanese prisons

▪️Locating missing Lebanese citizens in Syria

▪️Demarcation of the common border, which they don’t have precisely marked everywhere

They’re trying to normalize relations between the countries.

Regarding Lebanon, last time we discussed that the US, through its emissary Thomas Barack, proposed a plan for Hezbollah to be disarmed by the end of the year. Reciprocally, the Israelis would withdraw their troops from southern Lebanon. And moreover, next year the UNIFIL mission from the UN, which has been there for almost 50 years, would be ended, and thus Lebanon would take full control of its territory. Hezbollah, of course, resists this.

In Syria, the situation in the south has calmed down slightly. Negotiations are ongoing between Israel and Syrian representatives about easing tensions in border areas (conflict between Druze and Bedouins). The Syrian government is trying to normalize relations, starting to send its ambassadors to surrounding countries and negotiate with other partners. It is planning, for example, a visit by the ministers of foreign affairs and justice to Beirut.

They will also try to normalize relations with Lebanon, which was largely a victim of Syrian ambitions in past conflicts. There were Syrian so-called blue berets in Lebanon and so on.

Moderator: What about the Red Sea?

Pavel Macko: In the Red Sea, we saw that Israel decimated a significant part of the military and political leadership of the Houthis, who are threatening massive retaliation. They say they can destroy Israel in a few hours. Of course, this is just rhetoric – if they could do it, they would have done it already, they’ve tried. They can cause harm, but Israel has indicated to them that the more harm they cause, the harder the counter-strike may be.

Strategic Background

Moderator: It happened far away, but also close. What do you say about the Chinese military parade and the activities of Prime Minister Robert Fico among world dictators who clearly defined themselves against the West, despite the fact that Fico was there?

Pavel Macko: Let’s take it step by step and I’ll start right with Fico. We saw a series of events – the Shanghai Coordination Group meeting, then the parade. China took advantage of the fact that Indian Prime Minister Modi and other guests came, they discussed the Shanghai Group and immediately afterward showed a parade for the 80th anniversary of the end of the war.

Robert Fico found himself in such company – it’s as if I found myself somewhere among the Taliban or the Sátora gang. He’s a collaborator and it’s outrageous, because all those political messages were about forming an axis – I don’t want to call it an axis of evil, but it seems like that to me – an axis of dictatorial, corrupt and inhumane regimes that are frustrated with the West and are going explicitly sharply against the West.

And suddenly there is the Slovak Prime Minister – we are the West! Now it doesn’t matter where the political boundary of the Cold War was. We are the West in terms of civilization. In fact, since we „expelled“ Cyril and Methodius, we’ve clearly been the West. We’ve also been left with the Latin alphabet, we are part of Western civilization and we’ve never been part of the Orient, or God forbid, Asia.

What is our Prime Minister even doing there? I understand that he wanted to do business in China. But he was flirting with Putin there, flirting with dictators like Kim Jong-un, Xi Jinping. Being in the same party with these people is like if I were seen among a gang of vagabonds, extortionists. How could I show my face again?

Robert Fico in his video, and this interested me, said that he is the Prime Minister of a sovereign republic, legitimately elected. Well, to that I’ll say that he was elected with a different program. That program wasn’t that the Slovak Republic is going to war – so far ideological and possibly later physical – against its closest neighbors and allies. What, will we soon be attacking the Czechs or the Austrians just because they’re Western and we want to be some kind of „Chinese“? That’s not normal!

Secondly, we are a parliamentary democracy. The Prime Minister, regardless of what percentage Smer got (some 18 or 20, he didn’t get 50, but even if he did), is not a private person, nor a dictator, nor the boss of an armed gang or mafia, that he can say he is sovereign and decide to go somewhere. Let him look at our competence laws, let him look at what the role and position of the Prime Minister is.

The Prime Minister is the moderator of the government. One of the ministers, the „prime minister,“ who moderates the government. For such a foreign trip and the subject of negotiations, he must have a mandate from the government as a collective body. The government must have the confidence of parliament.

What Robert Fico is doing is bizarre. He is now openly spreading hatred against the West. And at a time when the West is negotiating security guarantees for Ukraine, Fico is threatening to undermine Ukraine and consulting about it with Putin. And he’s even pretending that he can do it!

I appeal to his party members and his coalition partners. We are a parliamentary democracy. None of you won the elections by saying that Slovakia would leave the EU, leave NATO, or that it would be inside NATO and the EU but as a pest that will, together with countries that are threatening to harm us, harm us.

Who does our Prime Minister represent there? Himself. It’s a terrible state, which hasn’t passed silently in the world media either. Our partners notice it. Sooner or later we’ll get a response like from Radek Sikorski, who recently indicated that we’ll get as much solidarity as we put into it.

Chinese Military Parade

Of course, the 80th anniversary of the war – there was demagoguery from China as well. When we realistically look at it, World War II in China was such that Chiang Kai-shek’s forces fought with the Japanese, while the communists harmed them behind their backs. Mao Zedong tried to steal what was liberated through guerrilla warfare. But it was Chiang Kai-shek’s army that eventually had to evacuate and go to Taiwan.

That’s why China is divided – the communists took over mainland China and Chiang Kai-shek’s soldiers remained on Taiwan. The Chinese island of freedom remained there.

The second thing is that, similar to Europe, there was massive aid from the United States. The US helped the Chinese the most in the Pacific region against the Japanese. When the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, they weren’t aiming to conquer the United States. They wanted to eliminate the US from the game so they wouldn’t interfere with their imperial goals. That’s what Russia is now trying to do with us – deter us, push us out. Why? So they can do what they want.

At the parade they showed:

▪️Hypersonic missiles

▪️Ballistic missiles with multiple warheads

▪️Laser defense systems

▪️Advanced drones including robotic fighters

I’m writing about it in the current issue completely by chance. In the continuation of the cycle about the development of military drones, we also write about a drone that China showed. It’s the „Loyal Wingman“ concept, where they presented this drone.

They also showed military robots, new fighters, tanks. It was a big parade – more than 10,000 soldiers in Tiananmen Square (4 km²). They showed a lot of equipment, a lot of soldiers.

What’s interesting and few people noticed – there wasn’t a single ordinary citizen there! Everything was cordoned off, isolated. Ordinary Chinese didn’t get there at all, everything was fenced off and cleared. Security measures. They had a lot of guests there. It’s atypical, because even in Red Square there are parades to build internal „awe“ among their own crowds. In this case, the Chinese relied only on big TV screens for their own people.

Moderator: You said they had a lot of weapons systems there. Are they really that good, or was it just a show? I remember how the Russians displayed their famous tank at Red Square, which they didn’t even manage to produce in the end.

Pavel Macko: China wanted to demonstrate, like every parade, power. It wanted to deliver several messages:

1) That it will resist the West

2) Xi Jinping’s speech was interesting (I don’t know Chinese, I rely on translations)

Xi Jinping always talked a lot about peace. It’s classic rhetoric, like our elected president – „president of peace“ in uniform with a submachine gun in hand. But they always emphasized it a lot. China has maintained a low profile line since the 70s. And now they seem to be baring their teeth – he talked less about peace, more about deterrence, intimidation. They also wanted to show technological superiority.

Are they really that good? Several aspects:

▪️Their weapons haven’t been demonstrated or tested in any combat operation yet (with the exception of a few older fighters that were in the Indo-Pakistani conflict and proved themselves)

▪️The Chinese don’t have direct military experience, so we don’t know if they can coordinate large formations and whether they would fall apart like the Russian ones that marched into Ukraine

But we must say that in some areas we see significant progress:

▪️Modern tanks – we don’t know how many they have, but they showed a lot of them. China is a large country and presumably can mass produce. We saw 4th generation tanks with reduced weight, increased survivability, they can network them – truly a modern tool.

▪️Hypersonic missiles – they’re a bit different from Russian ones. The Chinese have long concentrated on hypersonic missiles to destroy aircraft carriers. Why? Because the main competitor is the United States. The US is far away, but they have the ability to project power precisely on these platforms. Experts agree that they have this tested on mockups as well. We’ve seen various exercises in the South China Sea.

▪️Nuclear triad – its display wasn’t just a political effect. It’s a reality. China is intensively increasing its nuclear potential. It was a „younger brother“ like the United Kingdom or France. It’s starting to get into the triumvirate or trio of large nuclear superpowers.

▪️Drones powered by artificial intelligence – we definitely see that this has been tested.

The battle robots, the „wolves,“ were for show. We haven’t really seen them in action. Laser weapons too – they look good on the training ground when nothing is interfering, but in real combat we don’t know.

We don’t know about the coordination of troops, because rehearsing a show is something different. I practiced for Spartakiada – we rehearsed for a year and a half. We could turn an ordinary soldier into an athlete in gymnastics in a year and a half if you focus on it. But that still doesn’t mean we would really be such athletes or gymnasts in competitions.

And of course, those guests – it was clearly political theater and our Prime Minister played an undignified role for the Slovak Republic in it.

Convergence of China and Russia

Moderator: There’s a lot of talk about the convergence of China and Russia. It seems to me that Russia is already such a subordinate state of China, as if they were begging them. But another thing is that Trump is also trying to somehow win Russia over to his side. Does he even have a chance to attract them?

Pavel Macko: In my opinion, he doesn’t. It’s a misunderstanding of the dynamics and context. Trump wants to do something like a „reverse Nixon.“ Nixon with Kissinger at the beginning of the 70s drew China closer to the US, and that’s actually when China’s development began. Let’s be honest – we built up China from that backward country. It’s still at 71st place in GDP per capita, but it’s a large country, so 1.5 billion means something.

The Americans then attracted China, pulled it away from the Soviet bloc. But we need to state the context – the tension between the Soviets and China had been there since Mao Zedong came to power in the 40s, already during World War II. Mao accused the Soviets of not helping him enough against the internal enemy and in those external aspects as well. He wanted the Soviets to sacrifice even the western front just to help him.

There was rivalry, jealousy between them – what we see today in our government coalition. The coalition is failing, but they’re still competing with each other. This was also between the Soviet Union and China. The Americans took advantage of it and China got a „lollipop“ for it, which grew to gigantic dimensions and is today a comparable economy to the United States.

Can Trump achieve the same with Russia? He can’t, because Russia has removed that possibility that China had by its senseless annexation of Crimea and subsequently by its adventure in Ukraine. China grew on having a rich client – whether in the United States or in Europe. It wouldn’t have grown rich on African countries, nor on Latin American ones, which, even though they’re growing stronger, do so mostly for their domestic industry. And not to feed the Chinese.

We fed the Chinese. Just as we fed Arab countries in terms of oil. I mean the collective West. Slovakia didn’t, because we fed the Russians and we’re still feeding them.

The calculation is flawed, because Russia is already so economically dependent on China that a pivot to the US wouldn’t help it. It’s in subordination to China, despite the fact that it’s still a nuclear power with the most nuclear warheads, but that’s about all they have.

China showed at this parade that it’s no longer dependent on Russian technologies, that in aviation technology and stealth technologies it’s already far ahead of the Russians, and the Russians will have a hard time keeping up. China has a powerful economy, many times larger than Russia, and development potential.

The Chinese also function differently mentally. And Trump is trying to turn the chess pieces upside down and thinks they will stand. They won’t, because Russia is economically linked with Third World countries and China. Even if they ended the war immediately, they wouldn’t get back on such a scale that it would be strategically advantageous for them. They will continue in a close alliance with China and there’s no major conflict there.

Russians are always nationalists, chauvinists, they didn’t even like their own nationalities. Everyone who experienced Soviet troops knows this, how they treated officers from nationalities other than Russian. Russian nationalists look at the Chinese as monkeys, just as they do at Afghans, but that’s the Russian nationalistic mentality. The political system and state leadership, however, is aware that without China, Russia today cannot move anywhere.

NATO Responds to China’s Growth

Moderator: And is NATO responding somehow to this growth of China?

Pavel Macko: It’s responding. China is investing a lot of resources in capabilities like artificial intelligence, the development of artificial intelligence in the military. Their philosophy is that they won’t have such sophisticated weapons as the West. This was also seen with drones – they go for quantity and relatively good quality and try to connect it through artificial intelligence to achieve the strategic effect that they are equally effective even with cheaper devices.

Most recently, the North Atlantic Alliance – Mark Rutte after the parade said that China is beginning to be a global challenger and we need to look at it carefully, because it also conducts hybrid operations. It does them more cultivated than the Russians. NATO will have to very quickly add and develop cooperation with Pacific partners like Australia, South Korea, Japan, because China is becoming increasingly assertive.

Coalition of the Willing and Security Guarantees for Ukraine

Moderator: We’ll see if we can do that. But in Paris, the Coalition of the Willing negotiated security guarantees for Ukraine. While our Robert Fico was sitting somewhere in Beijing. What did they agree on in Paris?

Pavel Macko: In Paris, they claim they agreed on security guarantees for Ukraine. 26 countries offered their forces, which would even go to Ukraine at the moment when a ceasefire was concluded.

A controversy and discussion arose about whether Russia must agree. Mark Rutte said quite simply: Ukraine is still a sovereign country, and if peace is achieved, it can invite anyone to its territory.

Of course, we don’t know the details. As a soldier-expert, I can imagine that rules of engagement must be established, where the focus will be – whether they are to be monitoring, observation forces, or deterrent forces, or forces that would be able to stop the initial onslaught in case of a ceasefire violation.

They also communicated that it’s a coalition of the willing, because NATO as an institution won’t be involved in it. Since the United States, Slovakia, and Hungary will block Ukraine’s entry into NATO, they say it will be necessary to strengthen Ukraine’s military capabilities after achieving any peace solution.

For me, the statements of Yermak (I may not admire him in everything, but he’s the right hand of President Zelensky and deals with these issues systematically as the head of the presidential office) are important. He has repeatedly indicated that a good solution would be to move away from Russian megalomaniacal demands and freeze the conflict.

The Ukrainians can live with that – he gave a direct reference to Korea, where a peace agreement hasn’t been concluded to this day and the 38th parallel is still more or less a demarcation line. But the situation has stabilized enough that South Korea could grow economically, develop, and today is one of the very strong world economies, even in arms production it’s a relevant world player.

Moderator: And what should those guarantees be? We already gave guarantees to the Ukrainians in Budapest when they were giving up nuclear weapons, and we see how that turned out.

Pavel Macko: Let me look at both aspects. What should these guarantees be?

1) Military presence of guarantors – they would be on the territory of Ukraine. This is exactly why we also established military presence on NATO’s eastern flank – to be a clear political signal that if you violate the ceasefire, you’ll get into conflict with those guarantors as well.

2) Strengthening air defense – Germany proposed an annual improvement of 20% in the number and effectiveness of air defense systems. Start production in the West, help Ukraine produce some of it itself, and increase air defense capacity by 20% every year.

3) Support for ground forces – they would like to help build Ukraine four mechanized brigades or mechanized infantry brigades, which is about 480 combat vehicles per year.

In short, Ukraine is to receive such military potential that would be sufficiently deterrent – non-nuclear, but deterrent for the Russians. Weapons production in Ukraine would be strengthened. There would also be training support.

They also indicated that if Russia is not willing to sit at the negotiating table, countries are willing, if necessary, in cooperation with the United States, to impose new sanctions.

An important question, which is not finished and is to be completed, is American participation. What does „indirect American air support“ mean? I explained this on Czech television – that support must not only be for the situation when monitoring compliance with the ceasefire, but especially there must be a clear scheme of support in case there is a violation of the ceasefire and an escalation from the Russian side. Then there must be a clear and strong retaliation.

Moderator: I know you followed the Prague defense summit, which was also attended by the NATO Secretary General. It continues today. And we’ll return to that topic.

Pavel Macko: Next week in Piešťany, on September 12, we’ll have a live broadcast during the film festival. We look forward to all of you – to come see us, listen to us, but especially to give us tough questions that the two of us can’t think of ourselves.

Moderator: Well, I can think of tough questions, but I’m afraid to give them to you, whether you’ll be able to answer. But come to Piešťany, because even though we won’t be there as film stars, there will be a star sitting with me, Palo Macko, who knows what you’ll be interested in.

360 Degrees

Moderator: So, Pali, what’s on the radar?

Pavel Macko: We discussed the Shanghai Cooperation Group, we discussed the parade, so to finish it off, I would look more at that coordination group and at Taiwan, although we discussed Taiwan last week.

Moderator: And what would you take as the main point from that Shanghai Group meeting?

Pavel Macko: What comes out to me are those images of Indian Prime Minister Modi, Putin and Xi Jinping holding hands, talking amicably without interpreters and indirectly sending a message to Trump.

Of course, it was arranged for the cameras, because they don’t know each other’s languages, they can’t communicate without interpreters. The important thing is that Trump then looked (albeit in a later context, when he already saw Kim Jong-un at the parade as well), that they’re plotting against the United States.

But the reality is that when I focus on India, it needs to be seen as an epic failure of President Trump. I’ve analyzed this several times – India is, firstly, a democracy. Peculiar, but a democracy. It’s still a member of the British Commonwealth and the largest democracy in the world.

For the last 20 years, the United States has been building a strategic partnership with India to have a partner in the region, so that the world wouldn’t be hostile to them. And Trump has managed to completely disrupt this.

Joe Biden was building those relationships – he invited Modi during his previous term for a state visit directly to the White House. Trump has broken all of this like an elephant in a china shop, because the result is that Modi is now fraternizing with these „troublemakers.“

Modi is signaling by this that he will have a more sovereign foreign policy. This doesn’t mean he would fall into China’s arms. Neither does Putin really want to fall into China’s arms, but he can’t manage without it.

In the case of India and China, there are even more conflicts between them – five years ago they were shooting at each other. It won’t be such a warm friendship, just as the Shanghai Cooperation Group isn’t a warm alliance. It’s not a new NATO or some „East Asian“ grouping. It wants to appear that way, but we see that there are India and Pakistan, some countries are there just to control each other.

The important thing is that India is indicating by this that it will be opportunistic. Trump, for instance, made a mistake and wanted to impose sanctions against everyone. He assessed, similar to Europe, that India is a weaker opponent. He pushed only on India and China and left everyone else alone. So Modi said to himself: „If you treat me as a stranger, I’ll be a stranger, and you’ll still come yourselves and beg me for cooperation.“

It’s a pity. It doesn’t mean an immediate change in the world order, but we will really be in a regime of competing powers. India will potentially be economically stronger than China, because China is somewhere at the limits of its development. It’s said that India could, in 20-30 years, if it fulfills all the prerequisites, economically surpass China.

In the military field, I see it, I indicate it in the latest article coming out this week, that for example in the area of drones and unmanned fighters, India has progressed a lot and is trying to be independent, so it doesn’t have to buy either Russian, Chinese, or American ones.

Moderator: You often return to Taiwan. Why?

Pavel Macko: It’s an absolutely key neuralgic point. I indicated how Taiwan originated – by separation from China. China is trying to get it back, holds the so-called one-China policy. It’s very aggressive towards Czech politicians as well – if they negotiate with the Taiwanese, it immediately attacks them. Just as it’s sensitive about the Dalai Lama, it’s sensitive about Taiwan.

Now in Taiwan there’s of course an independent government, but I would like to return to how it would look if China attacked Taiwan. I was intrigued by publicist J.P. Linsley, a journalist who was, by the way, in Ukraine and survived the initial invasion there. He looked in more detail at how it would be if China attacked Taiwan.

Last week we saw an exercise where the Chinese again practiced landing on Taiwan and blockade. Many were afraid that when Putin attacked Ukraine, China would immediately attack Taiwan as well. They’re not ready for that yet, but they’re trying to build amphibious landing capabilities.

Many evaluated it that China „shifted from fifth to second gear“ when they saw how the Russians hit a wall in Ukraine, and slowed down their ambitions and pressure on Taiwan. That’s not entirely the case.

The problem is that if China attacked Taiwan, they wouldn’t be as unprepared as Russia was in Ukraine. Every month we see evidence that Chinese-Russian cooperation is very intensive. Behind the scenes, China supports the Russians. The Geran drones they produce, the Russians couldn’t produce without 80% Chinese components critical for these drones.

China is also taking military knowledge. There is a very intensive exchange of experiences in drone operations and all activities going on quietly. Everything negative that the Russians experienced in Ukraine, China is thoroughly analyzing. It’s getting direct data from the Russians.

There is intensive communication in the technological area. Intensive correspondence was detected between Rosoboronexport (Russian arms monopoly), a Russian research institute for control communication systems and Chinese components.

So in Russia there may be „chaos,“ but the Chinese are learning from it and trying to be prepared so they don’t surprise Taiwan (as Russia was surprised in Ukraine).

Moderator: And we’re at the end. Pali, a quote?

Pavel Macko: We may have already given it, I’m not sure, because 129 parts is a long time to remember each and every quote. Moderator: But you should remember them.

Moderator: It’s not about remembering the quote, but whether I’ve already used it. I have them archived, because I archive those numbers. Maybe we’ll publish them in a book now. Well, I have to react to how Robert Fico is acting uncollegially and against his „herd.“ So I’ll take the liberty of a quote from Benjamin Franklin.

Pavel Macko: But say it in English first, I’ll like that.

Pavel Macko: Yes, because there’s a good play on words in English – the same word is used in both the first part and the second part of that quote. Benjamin Franklin was supposed to say it when signing the Declaration of Independence of the USA. The quote goes in the original language: „We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately.“ And in translation: „We must all hold together, or certainly we will all hang individually.“

Moderator. Thank you.

The post General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar 129 appeared first on Pavel Macko - Bezpečnosť, Technológie, Stratégie.

#ceasefire #drone #Fico #Israel #Peace negotiations #Putin #Russia #Syria #Trump #Ukraine #USA #War in Ukraine #Zelensky

Welcome to the 128th edition of General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar.

Moderator: Welcome, Palo.

Pavel Macko: Thank you very much, I greet the listeners and wish you a pleasant extended weekend and holiday.

Moderator: And I’d like to ask one more thing – today in Banská Bystrica we commemorate the Slovak National Uprising, and I haven’t read that Robert Fico would be there, so I’m curious if he will come at all.

Pavel Macko: Well, I’m curious about that too, but I’ll be honest, I don’t even want him to go there, because a person who shows neo-Nazi gestures to support one of his prosecuted friends probably doesn’t deserve to stand on the podium.

Fog of War

Moderator: So, General, what is the development on the two main battlefields? Let’s start with Ukraine.

Pavel Macko: I’ll go straight to the point. We always start with strategic bombing, and we had the opportunity to see it yesterday. The Russians attacked furiously again, it was one of the largest attacks.

We already have 21 dead and four dozen wounded. In total, yesterday they launched:

▪️598 Shaheds and various decoys (they release decoys to blind the air defense system)

▪️31 missiles, including two Kinzhals

▪️12-13 Iskander-M or KN-23 missiles (those are Hwasong missiles from North Korea)

▪️The rest were Kalibr missiles from vessels and Kh-101 missiles from aircraft, which the Russians regularly use

This time, the primary target was Kyiv, where they hit 17 different objects in multiple districts of the city, directly in the center. We have 48 wounded here in Poznan. That was the information in the morning when I prepared the materials.

Of course, among other things, the British Council in Kyiv was also hit (that’s their representation, similar to the Polish Institute in our country) and the location of the European delegation, which, by the way, is led by Slovak citizen Katarína Mathernová, the EU Ambassador.

This means that the Russians, with precision weapons that have an accuracy of up to 5 meters, hit the representative mission of the European Union. Any coincidence is ruled out there. It was intentional to have something explode near the EU diplomatic mission. The effect was perhaps greater than the Russians originally wanted to scare those people, but that’s the principle.

It is an absolute negation of any Russian interest in peace. They systematically continued these strategic attacks. Previously on western Ukraine – we even had an attack in Mukachevo, which is a district town very close to our borders, where they attacked an American factory.

There are only three conclusions to this:

1) The Russians will escalate these attacks; they have absolutely no interest in any negotiations

2) They will increasingly focus on infrastructure

3) And this is an important conclusion – I haven’t caught the Russians declaring that the mentioned factory produced anything for the defense industry. It’s ordinary consumer electronics. It cannot be ruled out that it might also do something for the army, but the Russians would be very happy to boast about it to justify the attack on this target.

But they actually attacked this factory directly. This is proof that the presence of American companies somewhere in Ukraine is not a security guarantee. And at the same time, that Russians attack anything that can harm Ukrainians. And they don’t care at all whether it’s a military target or not. Because if that factory wasn’t involved in anything and is located on the opposite end of Ukraine, it in no way contributed to Ukrainian military potential, nor did it threaten Russian aggressive forces that have no business being in Ukraine.

Moderator: Okay, and what about the Ukrainians?

Pavel Macko: The Ukrainians, of course, are trying to respond as well, escalating their campaign. We’ve seen that they’re now really focusing on the energy industry, Russian oil refineries, but also on important railway junctions.

So the Ukrainians, in return, managed to strike near Moscow, where they actually complicated the fuel supply of Moscow itself. Most recently, they also struck 170 km north of Moscow on an important railway junction, but those were diversionary-sabotage actions. That means they blew up trains with fuel, taking that station and junction out of operation for some time.

They attacked similarly in other areas as well. For example, what we saw – at the beginning of the week they attacked one refinery, then in the middle of the week in Novoshakhtinsk, a refinery in the Rostov region, which set the area on fire. Later it was the Siziran refinery in the Samara region, and the Volgograd refinery already cyclically.

They also attacked the Druzhba oil pipeline. This, of course, was met with great displeasure from the Slovak and Hungarian governments. It should be said here that the Hungarian and Slovak Republics have seriously jeopardized their own energy security, because they are aware that a 3.5-year war has been going on in that area, that this is a legitimate target, but even accidentally it can happen that there will be damage… After all, planes don’t fly over Ukraine precisely because there is a war.

And everyone must count on the same thing, that any critical infrastructure, whether intentionally or accidentally, can become the subject of an attack, or be damaged as a result of combat activities. This happens regularly. And we are shouting about Ukrainians that they are terrorists who are defending themselves, but an explosion next to the building of the European Union diplomatic mission, where our Slovak citizens are, that’s okay?

Not to mention that this is a clear attack on the European Union, the Russians are clearly demonstrating that they will continue to dare. And this confirms what I have been saying for a long time, that if we give the Russians an opportunity, if one presents itself, they will also attack the North Atlantic Alliance and then try to de-escalate very quickly by threatening to use nuclear weapons. This is a proven Russian doctrine, it does not change, it is officially exercised, trained, written, and is also implemented by Russian state bodies and Russian political leadership.

Moderator: And I’d like to ask one more thing. Well, why don’t the Ukrainians do the same? Why don’t they start bombing Moscow?

Pavel Macko: Higher moral standard, and the second thing is, the Russians do it – first, they are supported by rogue states, criminals such as the North Korean regime or Iran, and quietly by China, which is a communist regime, although in China communism as a social system no longer rules, but communists rule there and worse, because they actually use hard profit capitalism with perverse exploitation of child labor, but at the same time, it’s simply a gang of communist party leaders who actually have totalitarian power in the country.

And those regimes of Putin and Xi Jinping are very close to each other. Russia can afford, in quotation marks, to do what it wants because it has a huge nuclear arsenal, which Ukraine gave up according to the Budapest Memorandum, and Ukraine is dependent on the help of all the rest of us. And with politicians like Fico, Orbán, but of course others who are critical now, like Polish President Nawrocky, well, Ukrainians cannot afford to do the same in that war as would be demanded, like the Russians. They simply have to maintain that higher standard.

Moderator: Well, you also mentioned some Hungarian, but that’s not a Hungarian Hungarian.

Pavel Macko: Yes, he has the nickname „Magyar“, otherwise he is a Ukrainian of Hungarian nationality, Major Robert Brovdi, he has been known for a long time. He has always been very active since the beginning of the war, he is a Ukrainian patriot. This proves that it does not depend on ethnicity, but that identification with one’s state and the willingness to defend it against an external threat is primary.

And now, it’s a complete bizarreness, because the collaborationist, anti-Hungarian, and anti-European government in Budapest has even put this ethnic Hungarian fighting for Ukraine’s freedom against external aggression on a list saying that he must not enter the Schengen area for three years. To this, the Poles, again Radek Sikorski, the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland, immediately responded that they are inviting him to visit Poland and that they will ensure his safety on Polish territory, which is also in the Schengen area.

And here I’ll just remind you, it’s good that you asked about that, that Hungary is the gateway and hole for Russian agents and various murderers and arsonists who come to the European Union, because Hungary has simplified the visa regime for Russian citizens at a time when a major war is being waged here.

This means that Hungary’s rhetoric is unpleasant, it is explicitly anti-Ukrainian. Hungary also has territorial claims on Ukraine, so there is a sense of predatory interest there. I’m just shocked and fascinated by where is Slovakia’s national-state interest, because in this case with Druzhba we are talking about the government of the Slovak Republic instead of ensuring energy security, because it knows that it can happen there by accident, stubbornly promotes the interests of a private Hungarian oligarchic company, which actually controls Slovnaft. We so generously privatized it under Mečiar and then our tunnel makers quickly passed it on to a Hungarian company. And actually, one private Hungarian company is now blackmailing two states and the entire European Union because it has political cover. This is a total betrayal of national and national-security interests by Robert Fico and his government.

Continuation of Fighting in Ukraine

Moderator: Let’s go to the battlefields. How are the fights continuing? Is that Russian penetration into the Dnipropetrovsk region serious?

Pavel Macko: Of course, it’s always something worthy of attention, because the Russians are indicating that they could continue beyond those four formally annexed areas, and by doing so, they are literally exposing themselves, I would say, because they reveal those primary goals, that they would really want at least all of Left-bank Ukraine.

I’ll explain for the listeners – Left-bank, when going in the direction of the river flow, everything that is to the left or east of the Dnipro River, so from Kyiv to the east (but the Russians would probably like to get Kyiv too), all the way to the estuary is everything that the Russians would like as a minimum goal. Lavrov confirmed that he wants all of Ukraine.

But when I look at it, so far that penetration is small tactically. On the contrary, the Russians also face the risk that if they get too far, the same thing could happen to them as at Dobropillia, that Ukrainian forces will close the loop around them and they will be surrounded. But the Russians are demonstrating their determination by this.

But there is a broader context here, which I wanted to get to even with those military operations. At that tactical level, the Russians are now systematically bombing bridges across the Dnipro. This means that they are really preparing conditions for the future to disrupt the supply of Ukrainian forces. If they happen to achieve a breakthrough, whether in the Donbas or somewhere else, so that they can advance as quickly as possible to the Dnipro River and to those large population centers of Zaporizhzhia and the city of Dnipro.

This is not imminent yet. When I make a roundup:

▪️In the north, intense fighting, but no change in situation or positions, I mean, whether in Kursk, Sumy, or Kharkiv regions

▪️When we look at Kupiansk, they attacked Sinkivka again. I’ll explain this because until now we’ve been talking about them being beyond the Oskil River in the north, near Kupiansk, where they created such a bridgehead. They are not succeeding in continuing further, so they are again increasing pressure on the opposite bank of the river, just on the northern outskirts of that town of Kupiansk, where Sinkivka is right in the way. So they attacked there now, but those attacks were repelled

▪️When we look at those other directions, Lyman, Toretsk, there are intense battles, attacks were repelled

▪️The situation around Pokrovsk is serious, but it is stabilized. The Ukrainians eliminated that Dobropillia penetration, but that is actually east of Dobropillia. The Ukrainians eliminated this and the situation is more or less static.

Only the Russian pressure is escalating in terms of aerial bombs and other materials. Otherwise, there is no significant breakthrough from either side. We also saw yesterday intensive bombing by Ukraine, whether by drones, even by gliding bombs, of Russian positions along the southern front, in the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions.

If this continued longer, we would start monitoring it intensively, because it could also indicate that Ukrainians might try to change the situation in this area, but so far it rather looks like it’s preventive.

Moderator: And it’s in the Kharkiv region, not in the Kherson region?

Pavel Macko: I said Kharkiv, I apologize. It’s in the Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions, because I was talking about the south. And it’s exactly there that they attacked their bases, their warehouses, even trains with fuels. And it seems to me that at this moment I would assess it as prevention. Simply put, they are trying to reduce the Russians‘ capacity and strength so that they don’t happen to think about another attack or another offensive in the south.

Middle East

Moderator: The Middle East. Why hasn’t a ceasefire agreement been reached so far? How is the situation developing there?

Pavel Macko: The situation there is of course complicated, there are a lot of emotions around it, as well as many contradictory reactions from politicians on the international scene and the media. Of course, those media, when it’s Al Jazeera, is strongly pro-Palestinian, always looking at it from their angle, then there are international media that try to be objective, then there are Israeli media, which even when they are opposed to Netanyahu, portray the situation a bit differently. So it’s difficult to navigate sometimes.

Currently this week, what happened in the last few days – Hamas formally said that it publicly accepts the Qatari-Egyptian proposal for a 60-day ceasefire, where they would actually also release roughly half of those hostages.

Meanwhile, however, Israel has already approved the plan that we discussed here – a five-phase plan. Now the first phase is running, and that is a plan to conquer the Gaza Strip, to completely control Gaza City and Jabalia, which should complete Israeli control over this area, and then in further phases, the Israelis intend to clean it up, but at the same time later hand over control to some authority other than Hamas.

Why was no agreement reached? Israel first demonstrated that it is capable and ready to carry out that operation. The most intensive phase is to begin no later than October 7th. The preparatory phase is already running, which means that evacuation has occurred, people are being resettled, and at the same time Israel is tightening the noose, which means there is intensive bombing of Hamas positions.

In this area, they have not yet entered with the main force into that space, but they are creating such a closure around that city. To one side, they are letting refugees into camps that are being prepared in the more southern area, and at the same time, they are trying to increase pressure on Hamas.

Quite logically, an agreement was not reached because Israel, in a situation when Netanyahu got approval for this plan, and they also completed that detailed military operational plan last week, wants to increase pressure, because this is just another delaying step from Hamas. Israel wants to resolve it now.

Meanwhile, pressure is increasing to address the humanitarian situation that exists there. The losses are also escalating, and we have also seen large demonstrations in Israel. Because family members are impatient. This is understandable, but there is also the other side of the coin, which says that Hamas has not offered to return your relatives. He offered that part of them, mostly the dead and some of the living, will be returned. And that means, what will happen after those 60 days? The conflict will continue again.

It’s a difficult situation. When we look at the international scene as well, there is strong criticism, largely justified, of the way those operations are conducted by Israel. On the other hand, there is strong support from the United States.

Moderator: And the Czech Republic.

Pavel Macko: I know that, but militarily it’s not that significant.

Moderator: What’s happening in Syria, Lebanon, or in the Red Sea?

Pavel Macko: In Lebanon, the effort to disarm Hezbollah continues. At the same time, we know that next year the mandate of those UNIFIL units will end. And Lebanon, quite logically, in an effort to avoid a larger conflict with Israel, is trying to disarm Hezbollah instead.

Now is the opportune time, because conditions are not favorable for Hezbollah in Syria either. Iran is – I don’t want to say weakened, but certainly its influence is not what it was before, and it has other concerns. It needs to recover from the blow that was dealt to it several weeks ago.

When we look at Syria, the consequences of that conflict in Suwayda are still being addressed. That’s in the southern province, where there were attacks on Druze and fighting between Druze and Bedouins, in which government troops got involved. Israel responded to this. This week we saw strikes from Israel that were on the positions of some Syrian units near Damascus. Behind this is the fact that Israel had some of its reconnaissance-observation and eavesdropping devices, which these troops also attacked. So Israel was cleaning it up there.

The Syrian army – it is not a compact unit. There were various armed factions there, which tried to integrate Kurds in the north. In the south, they integrated various tribes. Today’s president was previously a leader from that main group, which overthrew the government of Damascus with finality. He is trying to integrate it, but we are talking about more than two dozen different groups there. Israel still suspects some of them of being too closely connected with Hezbollah and is trying to eliminate this threat.

I’ll also mention, since the Houthis attacked Israel again, and that was around August 22nd, that’s last time, if we were recording the radar, they sent rockets to Israel, cluster rockets with cluster munitions. And to this, of course, Israeli planes struck back at locations in Sanaa and in other areas at warehouses with fuels and weapons. This means that Israel is responding to this and trying to maintain the safety of navigation in the Red Sea, but mainly to respond to these Houthi attacks.

Strategic Backstage

Moderator: Today I read such an article that the German Chancellor declared that there will be no meeting between Zelensky and Putin. So, the German Chancellor is apparently well informed and knows well what is happening. Palo, what is the state of those preparations for negotiations between Zelensky and Putin?

Pavel Macko: What I’ve been indicating before is being fulfilled, even when we were with Martin Svarovsky at your place in that video, that it will eventually be decided elsewhere. The Russians are looking for pretexts to prevent Putin and Zelensky from meeting. We now saw that attack on Kyiv.

Lavrov has again confirmed that the conditions are not there for it. Putin is willing to meet with Zelensky even when he has in his hands an agreement with which he will definitely agree. At the moment, Putin feels that such an agreement should be the unconditional surrender of Ukraine. Of course, Ukraine not only doesn’t feel up to that, but it can’t do that either.

The latest news also includes those security guarantees about which the Russians spoke so „positively“ and vaguely in Alaska. I have pointed out in several other interviews that we are amateurs even at the highest diplomatic level, that we don’t want to read those nuances. When the Russians say something, what is the nuance there, one needs to weigh not just every word, but every comma, period, and accent mark, because it can completely change the meaning.

The Russians actually just needed to gain time. They are trying to play a big strategic game with the United States and with President Trump, where Putin is gaining the upper hand, because Trump does not have the strength and determination to use the tools he has. He still thinks that for some big deal he will get the Nobel Peace Prize. Of course, he won’t get anything, and the conflict continues.

Trump has now approached India more strongly and increased those secondary tariffs to 50%. That’s a kind of selective approach, because he doesn’t have this resolved with China, but on the other hand, it’s at least an indication that in a situation when the Nobel Peace Prize is not in sight, and he looks like a loser in these negotiations, he has to do something and does what is logical. And there is also talk about some sale of longer-range missiles.

Let’s wait, because we’ll find out when those missiles are already flying. There is, of course, such controversy that meanwhile they were restricting the use of longer-range weapons on Russian territory, but there is also some disharmony between the Ministry of Defense and Trump himself, because that has already happened once with the export of those weapons that had already been approved by the previous government to Ukraine.

When I return to the core of the question – the Russians do not want to negotiate, and most recently they said that under no circumstances do they want security guarantees that would consist of having some troops from NATO member countries. They will not accept that.

This means that the fight will continue to the total exhaustion of one side or the other, and we have to think carefully about what we will do. I mean we collectively, the West including Slovakia, although I give the Slovak government zero chance of helping anything. On the contrary, it is capable of carrying out sabotage against Ukrainians, but at least it has been doing political diversion for a long time.

But it can be expected that it will have to come to increased supplies for Ukraine. Ukraine must withstand this. I don’t quite understand the Russian strategy, because for example this attack on Kyiv was senseless, because they had a far greater number of militarily more significant targets they could attack, and simply they are trying to continue conducting that psychological warfare.

But by doing so, they are actually undermining their efforts. Really that Russian warning finger, that caution, we can also hit your European mission, even that is not safe. That is completely before any efforts for a ceasefire, which paradoxically can unite the EU except for exceptions of these two countries.

Moderator: I heard that Erdogan is preparing some steel dome in Turkey. Is it some kind of equivalent to that Israeli Iron Dome? Or what is it actually about?

Pavel Macko: At the very least, by that naming, because they called it Steel Dome, they are trying to imitate something. Iron Dome is iron as such, and Steel is this hardened iron, which is steel. They deliberately chose that name – Golden Dome was also invented by President Trump.

Turkey previously bought S-400 from the Russians, that didn’t meet with much response. Most recently, it has turned out that the Triumf system is not such a triumph as many would imagine.

Turkey, which by the way, and I wrote about it, and I’ll give advertisement to the continuation of that saga about drones, so in the magazine .týždeň in the latest issue I wrote that Turkey is one of the strong players in the field of military drones and is trying to build something like air sovereignty. After seeing that it is occasionally the subject of some sanctions, because we know that they were excluded from the F-35 program, temporarily also from F-16. They regained that with the nod to the entry of Finland and Sweden, that they will be able to maintain F-16 in an operational state.

This week they presented a system, which is actually something similar, but Iron Dome. That Israeli system is a short-range system and is also for such high intensity of those artillery shells and for lower targets and for rockets, but not for that long distance. This Turkish system is from Turkish manufacturers, they also use their own rockets there. Its plus is that it’s quite an interesting solution according to what is publicly available. It is also designed against drones.

This means that it already reacts, the development is such that this integrated complex system of medium and short range responds to drones and can similarly up to those 30, maximum 50 kilometers act also against rockets. This means that it is also an anti-missile shield.

They should also protect the area around the Dardanelles, Bosphorus, where it is absolutely key infrastructure. It’s such a combination. They have ground stations, they have mobile launchers, 47 launchers. It’s in the first package they put together. But there is also a combination of radars, sensors, both on land and at sea. This means also from naval platforms. And some firing means are also from naval platforms. So I will definitely follow it.

Moderator: But the Turks must not find out that you’re watching it.

Pavel Macko: But no. They know that it is being watched by more significant people than me. And therefore they kept the details relatively secret, because parameters of such a system are commonly given. The Turks kept them secret. This means we don’t really know what the reach, range is there.

Slovak National Uprising and Its Legacy

Moderator: We have already mentioned the 81st anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising in the introduction. At this very time, when we are recording the podcast, the speaker of parliament and the president should already be speaking in Banská Bystrica. We still don’t know if Prime Minister Fico is there as well. So we’ll see when we finish recording this podcast. What would you like to say about the Slovak National Uprising?

Pavel Macko: It seems almost absurd to me that this gang of semi-fascists goes to honor the Slovak National Uprising. They stole the Slovak National Uprising from the Slovak nation. It was appropriated by extremists whose rhetoric is purely neo-Nazi, or then extreme.

A prime minister who, in support of some Bombic or Danny Kollár, shows a White Power gesture, or some right-wing extremist gestures, which are very close to fascism. That’s just something that’s terrible. When you take everything they do, who they ally with, that they’re also thinking about integration with Republika, that they already count on them as a future possible partner, given that Andrej Danko is not able to deliver some MPs, even last time he brought such nobodies there to parliament, and he remained the only one from the Slovak National Party, so it’s bad.

But I’ll put it in context. What do I want to convey? First, I want to greet all the still living veterans of the Slovak National Uprising who fought. When I was still serving, at one of the previous anniversaries I had the honor to present medals to 793 of them on behalf of the Ministry of Defense and the Armed Forces as a deputy chief of the general staff. Unfortunately, it is natural with that age, most of them are no longer alive, there remain just a few. Some of them are active, some less so, but respect and honor belong to all of them.

The message of the Slovak National Uprising is, in my opinion, underappreciated and also profaned by what we just talked about, but also by attacks of such as the Kotleba people, who not so long ago were hanging a black flag on the county office in Banská Bystrica on the anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising.

It should be said, because there will now be many historians talking, and there will be many outputs on this uprising, that that’s why we also left out World War II today. But I’m not going to analyze the uprising itself in detail either. But I want to say, it was an uprising of the Slovak nation, it wasn’t just a handful of rebels. It was that healthy part of the nation, which stood up primarily against domestic fascists, against the domestic regime, which collaborated with Nazi Germany.

And of course the uprising was prepared for a long time. It was then finally accelerated, in the end there was a betrayal, so it had to take place earlier than planned, there was no synchronization of the 1st Czechoslovak Army Corps, the Soviet army, that they should pass through Dukla and start liberating the territory as quickly as possible together with those two East Slovak divisions, which were actually supposed to let those troops through.

What was essential was that it was primarily an uprising against one’s own domestic Ludak regime, where that healthy part of the Slovak nation rejected this totalitarian regime, which murdered its citizens and even paid for it to Nazi Germany in Reich marks for each killed Jew or Roma. That is something incredible.

The message is also in the fact that they fought. Despite knowing that they were going against overwhelming odds, they fought. They also fought against the Nazis, but it wasn’t a pure uprising just against the Nazis, it was an uprising against a regime that was then supported by the Nazis and who then, when they saw that the regime might collapse, also decided on a massive occupation of Slovakia. But the cause and effect were clear there – the primary cause was dissatisfaction with this regime, which was a pro-Nazi regime.

These heroes, whom I still salute, and the government of moderation and others, proved that one should not say that one must not fight against overwhelming odds. Because we’re now hearing from our government representatives that the occupier will leave one day. No, they stood up and started fighting, because they knew that it was important to stand up to evil, and that when that evil uses weapons, you have to stand up to it with a weapon in your hand.

Today, these government representatives, in a forum other than that podium in Banská Bystrica, would probably say that they were some charlatans who fought instead of capitulating and unnecessarily prolonged losses and war. It’s the opposite. Simply put, there are moments when one needs to resist, and fortunately, the Slovak nation had this moment in that uprising, and it is one of the strongest historical moments. Our nation stood up against evil and did not look at whether they had a chance to win or not. It simply stood up because it was the right thing to do, and therefore I think we should value the message of this uprising.

The current situation is bad and is coming to a head, so we need to say again what all the bad things were that the insurgents rebelled against. What all happened after the suppression of the uprising, that Slovak citizens also participated in it, or mainly in some cases, and what rhetoric they used to discredit these insurgents. What rhetoric some politicians use today to discredit democracy in Slovakia or to discredit Ukraine’s effort to survive under the pressure of external aggression.

360°

Moderator: What’s on your radar?

Pavel Macko: I would mention two things. First, Taiwan and again Africa. Unfortunately.

Moderator: And why Taiwan again?

Pavel Macko: Chinese military exercises are currently taking place around Taiwan. It’s called „Joint Sword“ or „Common Sword“ in that strait. These are Chinese military maneuvers. They were launched last week on August 26th. They continued for several days and practiced a blockade of Taiwan. Precise strikes on key targets.

In short, they wanted to demonstrate that when they decide militarily, they are able to block maritime routes in that strait – the Taiwan Strait. That is the area between Taiwan and mainland China. They also had their own aircraft carrier there. They involved fighter planes and the coast guard there.

One should also mention the political context here. Beijing again labeled the Taiwanese president as a parasite and declared that as soon as he will push for complete independence of Taiwan, that means war.

It is strategically important for us. We’ve already discussed it here in that Taiwan is one of the key manufacturers, a completely dominant manufacturer of semiconductors. Today we can’t move without semiconductors. In one such better upper-middle class car, e.g., in a German one, there are 37-40 thousand different electronic components, while Taiwan produces:

▪️100% of advanced chips for artificial intelligence

▪️More than 90% of advanced chips overall

▪️60% of all semiconductors.

Moderator: Okay, and what about Africa?

Pavel Macko: Well, in Africa, Sudan. We haven’t talked about it for a long time. And that conflict really isn’t subsiding, but is escalating. On one hand, there is a complex situation in Darfur. The Sudanese army and those RSF forces or Rapid Support Forces, or rapid reaction forces, rapid support, are fighting there. Those are those rebellious generals who have their own agenda.

And actually, the siege of the capital in Darfur has been going on for a long time. The fighting continues intensively, recently those government troops have seemingly partially gained the upper hand. On the other hand, we see that in the eastern part there are other rebel groups, which the Sudanese government accuses of being fed and supported by Eritrean forces and politicians.

The situation is deteriorating. If we last talked about 5.6 million internally displaced refugees, today we are talking about 10.8 million people. With that, 25 million people have problems with nutrition and food, who are in immediate danger of famine breaking out.

Of course, the international community is not able to somehow organize, suppress this. That conflict is too strong, we don’t have the capacity and probably not the will to go into such a conflict, because it has already been experienced in Somalia, when in the early 90s those fights were taking place between individual factions. The Americans, when they came to help, in the end it ended with the retreat after the fall of that Black Hawk, because those conflicts are very complicated.

Always, when an external player comes there, and it doesn’t matter what kind of international unit, so always the problem is then that in the end somehow the domestic hostile factions group against external forces. So I mention that conflict because RSF tried to declare as if a competing government. The UN Security Council rejected it against that government, because actually there is still a threat of the disintegration of Sudan.

In a situation when we see that that whole sub-Saharan belt, we talked about it last time, is already in disarray, so this is a further deterioration of the situation. A conflict that has been going on since April 2023 has also exceeded more than two and a quarter years.

Moderator: Unfortunately, the Russians are also meddling in their own way in this conflict. Why? Is it so?

Pavel Macko: Unfortunately, in that we see that the Russians are daring, and that they are that source of instability in the world. And there isn’t even any ideology behind it anymore, just ordinary, God-forsaken stealing and plundering of resources.

Moderator: We’re at the quote, so we’re at the end. Sorry, Palo, let me intervene.

Radovan Macko (publishing director): I would like to announce to our listeners that we are planning to come to them. I’ll interrupt you again. This, who is speaking, is Macko, but not the general. It’s Rado Macko and he’s the publishing director.

I am now announcing an important message to you. Dear listeners, we are coming to you this time on September 12th. We will be broadcasting our security radar with General Pavel Macko at Cinematic in Piešťany at 5:30 PM. We cordially invite you and look forward to seeing you.

Pavel Macko: I am also looking forward to it and will be on the road directly. I will be returning from France, where I have some lectures, but I will be even more motivated to get to the domestic audience.

Quote

Moderator: So, a quote. We mentioned the Slovak National Uprising. Today is a holiday, the anniversary of the Slovak National Uprising. I suggested that it wasn’t just a small group of people. That it wasn’t even just a communist uprising, as it was then profaned during socialism, that the communists appropriated that uprising.

Pavel Macko: So I’ll allow myself such a quote from Kornel Filo, a member of the Slovak National Council for the Democratic Party from 1946:

I must emphasize that this was truly and in all consequences a nationwide uprising, a spontaneous explosion of the entire Slovak nation against Nazi neo-paganism, oppression and enslavement. That part of the nation, which our ill-wishers today so gladly label as reactionary, participated in this national uprising. On the fronts of the Slovak National Uprising, ladies and gentlemen, up to 60,000 Slovak Catholics fought.

See also:

General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar 127 – Pavel Macko – Bezpečnosť, Technológie, Stratégie

General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar 126 – Pavel Macko – Bezpečnosť, Technológie, Stratégie

General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar – episode 125 – Pavel Macko – Bezpečnosť, Technológie, Stratégie

The post General Pavel Macko’s Security Radar 128 appeared first on Pavel Macko - Bezpečnosť, Technológie, Stratégie.

Trump’s ultimatum has expired. The end of the war, however, is nowhere in sight, but everyone is already looking forward to a possible meeting between Putin and Trump. Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu is considering occupying the entire territory of the Gaza Strip.

Welcome to listening to the 125th edition of General Pavel Macko’s security radar.

Moderator: Paľo, welcome.

Pavel Macko: Good day.

Fog of War

Moderator: We’ve already discussed possible Trump negotiations, negotiations in Moscow on our website and in the video I recorded with you, Paľo. Let’s go straight to the situation on the battlefields.

Strategic Bombing in Ukraine

Paľo Macko: I’ll start by saying that strategic bombing continues from both sides. Incidentally, this was also one of the rumors that the Russians might want to offer a suspension of these strategic attacks. But that would be unilaterally advantageous for the Russians, despite them increasing the production of drones and missiles.

Ukrainians, by counter-attacking deep into Russian territory and destroying their factories and bases, are weakening the Russians‘ capacity that could be thrown onto the battlefield itself.

Record Russian Drone Attacks

Russians are breaking records again. I have statistics here for the last month:

▪️In June, Russians launched approximately 5,400 Shahed drones at Ukraine

▪️Last month it was already 6,443 drones

▪️That averages over 200 drones per day

The attacks are massive. We’ve seen multiple records broken in July, and attacks in the last week that were very massive. They are based on Shahed technology.

Ukrainians destroyed one storage facility, but according to Ukrainian intelligence, Russians are now capable of producing around 170 drones per day. Compared to May, they’ve increased it by another 70; at that time, they were producing about 100. The formal goal is 300 drones per day by the end of the year, but realistically it’s about 190-200 drones.

What does this mean? Russians are able to accumulate these drones. When we saw 700 drones in one day, these attacks could be even stronger. They also use rocket attacks, and this could lead to such a volume that we might experience up to 2,000 drones in a day.

Ukrainian Attacks on Russian Positions

Ukrainians are also trying to attack. This week there were again attacks by Ukrainians on Russian positions. I’ll look at the list; there were many targets hit:

▪️Oil refinery in Novokuibyshevsk in the Samara region

▪️Storage and launch site for Shahid drones in the Primorsko-Akhtiarsk region

▪️Elektropribor plant

What’s important is that there’s quite successful coordination of Ukrainian forces – the SBU security service, HUR military intelligence, and unmanned systems forces can coordinate and comprehensively plan such operations.

Situation on the Battlefields

Kursk and Sumy Regions

Fighting continues in the Kursk and Sumy regions. In the Kursk region, Russians tried to renew their offensive, but it was extinguished.

Looking at the Sumy region, more complex reports emerged about how Ukrainian commandos got into the rear of Russian units and eliminated several companies. A small diversionary group managed to cause casualties of around 330 dead and several hundred wounded. They had it prepared. When they made contact, Ukrainians were able to support the attack with drones and other means, and the losses on the Russian side were large.

Russians still hold a smaller buffer zone in the Sumy region. I’d pause here. They say it’s a buffer zone, but in reality, it looks different. Sumy is a city of 250,000. It’s a big city and relatively close to the borders. Here the Russians could try to take the city or make a gray zone out of it, because then they would keep Ukrainians in check and have another area. And if not capture it, then destroy it.

We see that Russians are now pushing in negotiations for recognition of control over the Kherson region. But Ukrainians drove them out of Kherson. Zaporizhzhia region – Russians don’t control Zaporizhzhia as a large city of a million people, nor do they currently have a chance to control it.

It cannot be ruled out that Russians might try to make a larger offensive in this direction and then pressure Ukrainians: „Okay, we’ll leave Sumy alone, but you have to give us Zaporizhzhia…“ That’s a rogue tactic.

Kharkiv Region and Kupiansk

Fighting is taking place in the Kharkiv region. So far, Russians have failed to consolidate the two protrusions – Lyptsi and Vovchansk, which form Russian force protrusions in Ukrainian territory.

The situation is most complicated near Pokrovsk, where they’re advancing from both the southwest and northwest. Pokrovsk is not surrounded, but the main supply route between Pokrovsk and Dnipro is gradually coming into the firing range of Russian forces.

Moderator: You mentioned Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions. I don’t know if you want to add anything to that.

Paľo Macko: No, I would perhaps return to Kupiansk, because this is the second hot spot. Russians declared that they’ve moved further, but it appears that in villages west of the Oskil River, where they have a bridgehead, Russians don’t have complete control. It’s more like the operation of diversionary reconnaissance groups that show some presence there, do something. Optically it looks like they already have it under control, but Kupiansk is holding.

All these cities are in a difficult situation – whether Toretsk, Kupiansk, or Chasiv Yar, Pokrovsk – but all have been holding for more than a year, some for more than two years. Russians are advancing, but there’s no sign of any great force that could break it quickly. But they will try to do so.

Middle East

Moderator: Alright, let’s go to the Middle East. Yesterday, overnight from Thursday to Friday, Israel’s war cabinet met and decided, simply put, to occupy the Gaza Strip.

Paľo Macko: Well, Israel occupied the Gaza Strip until 2005, or had full security control there, then handed it over to the Palestinian authorities. Hamas took power in Gaza in 2005, and since then the entire coastal strip, which we call the Gaza Strip, has been isolated. Israel built a protective fence there, and on October 7, 2023, we saw how that ended. Terrorists from Hamas and Islamic Jihad came out through the protective barrier around the Gaza Strip.

I wouldn’t talk about occupation, but there is pressure that they want to get the entire Gaza Strip under security control. This has, of course, sparked controversy in Israel, but I’ll focus more on what the plan would mean.

It should be a 4-5 month ground operation that would begin with the occupation and control of the entire Gaza Strip. One thing is to break military resistance and get in, but another is to maintain control. In this case, it would mean establishing security forces at least temporarily throughout Gaza, with the need to fight among the population. At the same time, after the fighting ends, they would have to maintain control, patrol the streets, and maintain order. It’s a risky operation, but it should be for about 4-5 months.

Moderator: Okay, wait, I’ll interrupt you. Do they have any other option? If they can’t agree with Hamas, and Hamas doesn’t want to agree, they don’t have many options.

Paľo Macko: It carries risk because there’s quite a lot of resistance even in Israeli security forces. They look at it in terms of what risks it carries.

The goals are:

▪️Remove Hamas – clear, legitimate

▪️Ensure the release of hostages – a completely great goal, because it’s been going on for almost two years. Hostages are in a miserable state, and Hamas uses this for blackmail, trying to divide Israeli society. Those who have relatives as hostages have been protesting from the beginning, which is natural. They’re demanding major concessions to Hamas, just to get their people home. To this, another part of the population says: „Fine, but that puts everyone else at risk.“

▪️Ensuring that Gaza does not pose a threat to Israel

All these goals are quite legitimate, but it means fighting in densely populated parts of the city. Therefore, not all foreign partners support it. There are security risks and the possibility of higher casualties on the side of Israeli forces and the population. And that’s what they objected to in the security forces – whether it’s worth it to them.

There are two philosophies:

1) Take control of the territory and clean it up

2) Isolate it and let it do what it wants inside

These are the plans and possible consequences of those plans.

Current Situation in Gaza and Surrounding Areas

Moderator: What major battles and events have occurred in Gaza, Israel, and Syria in the past week?

Paľo Macko: Fighting still continues. There were some airstrikes, strikes. There were allegedly also collateral casualties, Palestinian civilians killed. The profile of the fighting is difficult. Hamas knows it needs to hide among the population, provokes some action, then a strike follows. And usually, the strike unfortunately also carries casualties of innocent civilians who happen to be there at that moment.

We’ve already talked about the security cabinet meeting, but unfortunately the hostage crisis continues. We’ve seen footage of miserable hostages, and they’re still not liberated.

On the West Bank, Operation Iron Wall continues, which has been ongoing since January 2024. Again, it’s an effort to keep the security situation under control.

Moderator: I want to ask, is it true that the Lebanese government called on Hezbollah to hand over weapons?

Paľo Macko: Yes, this is true. This has been being addressed for several days and weeks. Now the pressure is escalating. The Lebanese government sees:

1) That Hezbollah is weakened

2) That it no longer has support in Syria and Iran is far away and also has its problems

3) That it constantly provokes pressure from Israel – whenever Hezbollah does something, a counter-strike follows

Lebanon wants Hezbollah to abide by the agreement with Israel, where it promised to leave the buffer zone, that there would be no weapon and no fighter there. This is an agreement from the previous conflict in 2006, which was violated, and now the new ceasefire is supposed to renew this agreement. So it’s completely logical that the Lebanese government is putting pressure on Hezbollah.

Moderator: And what’s new in Syria?

Paľo Macko: In Syria, the ceasefire is fortunately holding. It continues even after those intense momentary clashes where there were quite large casualties. Tension is still there. There are more than 192 thousand civilians who have been displaced – these are so-called internally displaced persons. They had to move and are temporarily bivouacking somewhere in other parts. It will be a problem to get them back.

There were large casualties – more than 500 dead on the side of fighters, but also more than 400 Syrian soldiers. And one more piece of information – Israeli Druze don’t perceive borders as a barrier. They simply migrate back and forth because they try to help their communities.

Strategic Background

Moderator: Paľo, today we’ll skip the history of World War II, but this week we commemorated another anniversary – 80 years since the dropping of atomic bombs. What do you have prepared in the background today?

Paľo Macko: I have several topics here; it was really a rich week. Everything we’ve seen, including those Moscow negotiations. But I would go to other things that are more in the background.

Interview with Kyrylo Budanov

First, I would mention an interesting interview with the head of Ukrainian intelligence defense service, Kyrylo Budanov. He had a philosophical moment, a reflection, where he discussed how Ukraine should continue its resistance against Russians and that national unity needs to be maintained.

It needs to be put in context that these were his subjective expressions, but he was quite on point in saying that if the country internally starts to fall apart or fragment into various interest groups, there will also be an erosion of independence and risks. If those in power break away too much from the chain, there’s a risk they’ll break away from the people. And that was in Ukraine – after the Orange Revolution, Tymoshenko ultimately failed, then we saw Poroshenko’s government, which was also kind of „neither here nor there.“

Into this come these negotiations, where there might be some ceasefire, but not everyone will be satisfied with it. As long as you’re under pressure, you stick together like a flock. But when that pressure eases, differences can surface.

Moderator: I’ve heard that Ukrainians got access to data from a Russian submarine that’s part of the nuclear triad. Is that true?

Paľo Macko: Yes, that’s right. It’s a shock. For Russians, it’s a serious matter. Ukrainian intelligence gained access to classified specifications. We’re talking about a Russian nuclear submarine, not some older one, but one of those modern Borei-class that carries 16 intercontinental ballistic missiles, each with multiple warheads.

It’s a means of retaliation. Countries keep these submarines precisely because they’re always in an unknown location and are a guarantee that even if they were attacked with nuclear weapons, they wouldn’t be disarmed, because they can counter-strike from submarines.

It’s a fiasco if Ukrainian intelligence service got access to:

▪️Security measures on the submarine

▪️Procedures and protocols

▪️Even the crew list

This doesn’t speak well of the protection of Russian strategic capabilities. Of course, this could cause escalation. Maybe it wasn’t even good that they published it, that they know it. We don’t know what all they know, but the fact that they published it is already on the edge, when even Russians have in their doctrine an attack on their nuclear facility as one of the triggers. But they’re not affecting or attacking the submarine so far.

The problem is that Russians already had a mishap a few years ago when they lost control of the so-called nuclear briefcase. It was when they had their Russian „Air Force One“ parked at the Moscow airport, and some thief broke into it. They claim it was a thief, but someone got in there and had access to electronic systems and everything related to it. So for a nuclear superpower, this is quite irresponsible.

Joint Weapons Purchase for Ukraine

Moderator: What about the joint weapons purchase for Ukraine that was talked about so much?

Paľo Macko: A lot was talked about it, but the process in dozens of Ramstein formats was always chaotic. Only now is it starting to come together, coordination is taking place.

At this moment, the European Public Procurement Agreement for Ukraine has been created. The Czech Republic, Denmark, and the Netherlands have launched a joint program worth $1 billion for the delivery of American weapons to Ukraine. This is already about planning, coordinating with a clear time horizon and a clear order. It should be for air defense systems and artillery.

The impact is that it’s moving from donations to structured procurement, when there’s not much left to donate. Thus, it can be put into some consolidation, and arms factories can better plan their capacities.

The important thing is to maintain strategic unity. If we know we need to help Ukraine, not primarily for them, but also for ourselves, then it needs to be done – and it needs to be done sensibly, in a consolidated manner, and not chaotically, where there’s a different idea every week.

Call from Israeli Security Leaders

Moderator: In Israel, there’s an interesting call from the security elite, who are calling for a stop to the fighting in Gaza. What’s that about?

Paľo Macko: In August, about 600 former Israeli security leaders, including former heads of Mossad, Shin Bet (their counterintelligence), and the General Staff, signed a call for an immediate end to the war in Gaza.

They claim that the main military objectives have already been met, Hamas has lost key capabilities, it doesn’t represent a great real force. There are its remnants, but it’s more a political matter from their perspective than a military one. Therefore, they say they wouldn’t need to engage further.

We don’t have to agree with them, but it’s a signal from people who stood at the head of the General Staff and these components, have insight into these things, and are weighing on the scales: what they can achieve and what it will cost them. And on the other side of the scales is: what all it can cause and what risks it carries. They’re trying to balance those risks.

This call resonated in the media as well. Of course, it’s just a call from a „council of elders“ that has no formal position. Netanyahu is the one who, in the end, whether we like him or not, is the prime minister who bears the immediate responsibility, is responsible for the functioning of the state, the security of citizens, and security forces. He has the mandate to decide as he sees fit.

It’s an indication that Israeli society is still free; it’s not like Russia. In Russia, not only Putin decides, but also the „top.“ War hawks may not only be in the Kremlin but also in the Duma and other components, where they still dream of a great victory and the destruction of the entire West. And that’s dangerous. That’s why we listen to those programs on Russian state television, where they want to bomb us with nuclear weapons, kill us, destroy our cities, and rename Paris to Vladimir and the like. This is dangerous – the fascization of Russian society continues.

View of the World – 360°

Moderator: So what does your radar show?

Paľo Macko: The ceasefire between Cambodia and Thailand is holding so far. We saw the delimitation commission working for the first time on Monday. This week I would like to return to Iran.

Moderator: And what’s there? Is the ceasefire working, not working? Or is there currently some silence around Iran?

Paľo Macko: The ceasefire is working, but I was doing a comprehensive monitoring of crisis areas in the world, and I must say that over the past week, apart from the Russian-Ukrainian war and the conflict in the Middle East, Iran resonated the most. But a little differently than we might expect.

Iranian Covert Operations

Iran came to the forefront in connection with the increase in Iranian covert operations, especially assassinations and kidnappings targeting individuals in Europe and throughout North America. It’s a big problem; even a coordinated report came out where 11 intelligence services drew attention to this.

When we consider that we saw a 12-day war between Israel and Iran, which ended with US intervention, subsequently a ceasefire was concluded at US pressure, but they were threatening even then. Many took it as if the regime is already weak, that it will collapse any moment, but it has, like in Romania, when securitate fought even when it was clear that the regime had fallen, an extensive network and is doing hybrid activities.

It’s not just Russians, it’s not just North Koreans, but Iran is extremely active, has its diasporas all over the world. I’ve already mentioned the warning issued by the USA, UK, France, and 11 other countries.

Iranian agents have narrowly focused on:

▪️Dissidents

▪️Journalists

▪️Their former officials living in Western countries

They’re after them, trying to attack them, and using classic methods of hybrid threats:

▪️Surveillance

▪️Cyber intrusions

▪️Kidnapping attempts

Many of which were thwarted or foiled at the last minute by counterintelligence in these countries.

The global impact is that it has diplomatic consequences. They summoned Iranian ambassadors and said: „Wait, these are already hostile activities, what are you allowing yourselves on our territory?“ They had to increase protection for multiple individuals, and joint investigations of Iranian networks are being conducted.

It’s like with Russians here – they’re spread through various agents, secondary collaborators, poor fellows who work in alternative media and for 500 euros will sell their own country and endanger the lives of their fellow citizens. Unfortunately, this is also happening from Iran.

Moderator: Let’s go to those activities. Can you name some?

Paľo Macko: I would divide them into blocks:

1) Expanded activity of foreign intelligence service – Iranian operatives were tracking journalists and officials

2) Espionage techniques and cyber attacks – Iranians were always good at hacking. Not only did they become victims of their centrifuges being hacked, but they themselves are very good.

3) Hezbollah – looks like half-dead, but there’s still space. People were partially disarmed, but Iran can still eventually use it to destabilize Lebanon.

If I were to follow up on the previous question – Lebanon realizes that people do desperate acts, and this Hezbollah, which has lost significance, may lose interest in being a major political force in Lebanon. They participate in power, have deputies there, but when they lost their influence, they can degenerate into destabilization – they’ll start causing harm.

Of course, there’s also nuclear tension, because we still don’t know how much nuclear material remained and where. And if Iran has embarked on such diversionary, espionage, cyber, and terrorist activities, it can use that material for purposes other than we originally thought.

Quote for the End

Moderator: Let’s go to my favorite section, and that’s the quote.

Paľo Macko: The times are hectic. We’ve been discussing the biggest military security crises. But at the beginning of July, exactly a month and two days ago, the Dalai Lama, who is a symbol of resistance against Chinese rule in Tibet, a moral authority and spiritual leader of Lamaist faith, turned 90. Amazing age.

For someone who has lived almost his entire life in exile, he has had a disproportionately large positive influence in the world, including through his spiritual message. So in honor of his 90 years (and we wish him, of course, the longest and most fruitful life), I would like to offer a thought from him:

„Live a good and honest life. When you get older and look back, you will be able to rejoice a second time.“ – Dalai Lama

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